Preventive Effects of a Low-fat and Low-calorie Japanese Food-based Diet in Young Women with Excessive Body Fat

  • Nagai Narumi
    Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Okayama Prefectural University
  • Sakane Naoki
    Department of Preventive Medicine, Clinical Research Institute, Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center
  • Moritani Toshio
    Laboratory of Applied Physiology, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University

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Other Title
  • 低脂肪,低エネルギーに調整した和食の予防医学的効果
  • 低脂肪,低エネルギーに調整した和食の予防医学的効果--体脂肪率高値の若年女性における検討
  • テイシボウ テイエネルギー ニ チョウセイシタ ワショク ノ ヨボウ イガクテキ コウカ タイシボウリツ コウチ ノ ジャクネン ジョセイ ニ オケル ケントウ
  • —体脂肪率高値の若年女性における検討—

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Abstract

The traditional Japanese diet is known for its appropriate nutrition thanks to its balance of rice, soup, and main and side dishes and low fat content. Few reports have been made, however, on its actual health effects. We studied the effects of a low-fat, low-calorie Japanese diet on body fat, metabolic syndrome indices, energy metabolism, and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) parameters using power spectral analysis of heart rate variability.<br>Subjects were 11 young lean women with excessive body fat (21.7±0.5 yrs; BMI, 21.0±0.5 kg/m2; body fat, 29.8±0.7%) who were administered a Japanese diet of 20% fat, 60% carbohydrates, and 20% protein at 400 kcal per meal prepared in our laboratory three times a day for 2 weeks. Physical activity was maintained for the experimental period. Body weight, body fat, waist circumference, blood pressure, blood biochemical markers, resting metabolic rate, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and SNS activity were measured at baseline and 2 weeks. Results showed significant improvement (p<0.001) in body weight (-2.3±0.2 kg), body fat (-1.7±0.2 kg), and waist circumference (-3.7±0.6 cm). Fasting glucose, glycoalbumin, and HOMA-IR decreased significantly. Fat oxidation and SNS activity increased significantly (p<0.05), and serum triglyceride decreased, significantly (p<0.01), suggesting increased overall lipid metabolism. In conclusion, despite short-term, modest energy restriction, a low-fat, low-calorie Japanese diet contributes significantly decreasing body fat and waist circumference and improving insulin resistance, and enhances overall lipid metabolism. Our results suggest that appropriate nutritional intervention is useful in regaining desired body composition among young women with excessive fat, thus possibly preventing future metabolic syndrome.

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