Abstract
We immunohistochemically examined intrathrombotic IL-6 expression using a murine model of deep vein thrombosis induced by the ligation of the inferior vena cava (IVC) and discussed the availability of intrathrombotic IL-6 for thrombus age estimation. IL-6+ cells could be first detected at 1 day after IVC ligation in three of five samples, and all samples with postligation intervals of 3 days or more had intrathrombotic IL-6+ cells. Thereafter, the numbers of IL-6+ cells were elevated with the increase of postligation intervals. Double-color immunofluorescence analyses demonstrated that IL-6 was mainly expressed by intrathrombotic macrophages. In all samples with postligation intervals of 5 days or less, the IL-6/macrophage ratio (IL-6/Mϕ) was <0.5. In contrast, the IL-6/Mϕ was greater than 0.5 at ≥7 days after the IVC ligation. These observations implied that IL-6/Mϕ ratios of >0.5 would strongly indicate thrombus ages of ≥7 days. Reciprocally, the ratios of less than 0.5 would suggest thrombus ages of ≤5 days. The present study demonstrated that the immunohistochemical detection of IL-6 was suitable to estimate the age of venous thrombi.
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Acknowledgments
We thank Ms. Mariko Kawaguchi for her excellent assistance in the preparation of this manuscript. This study was financially supported in part by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A) and (C) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of the Japanese Government.
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The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
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Nosaka, M., Ishida, Y., Kimura, A. et al. Immunohistochemical detection of intrathrombotic IL-6 and its application to thrombus age estimation. Int J Legal Med 129, 1021–1025 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-015-1147-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-015-1147-9