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Y. W. Wu, Noriyuki Matsunaga, Ross A. Burns, B. Zhang, SiO maser survey towards off-plane O-rich AGBs around the orbital plane of the Sagittarius stellar stream, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 473, Issue 3, January 2018, Pages 3325–3350, https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx2450
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Abstract
We conducted an SiO maser survey towards 221 O-rich AGB stars, with the aim of identifying maser emission associated with the Sagittarius stellar stream. In this survey, maser emission was detected in 44 targets, of which 35 were new detections. All of these masers are within 5 kpc of the Sun. We also compiled a Galactic SiO maser catalogue including ∼2300 SiO masers from the literature. The distribution of these SiO masers gives a scaleheight of 0.40 kpc, while 42 sources deviate from the Galactic plane by more than 1.2 kpc, half of which were found in this survey. Regarding SiO masers in the disc, we found that both rotational speeds and velocity dispersions vary with Galactic plane distance. Assuming a Galactic rotational speed Θ0 = 240 km s−1, we derived velocity lags of 15 and 55 km s−1 for disc and off-plane SiO masers, respectively. Moreover, we identified three groups with significant peculiar motions (with 70 per cent confidence). The most significant group is in the thick disc that might trace stream/peculiar motion of the Perseus arm. The other two groups are mainly made up of off-plane sources. The northern and southern off-plane sources were found to be moving at ∼ 33 and 54 km s−1 respectively away from the Galactic plane. The causes of these peculiar motions are still unclear. For the two off-plane groups, we suspect that they are thick disc stars, with kinematics affected by the Sgr stellar stream or very old Sgr stream debris.
1 INTRODUCTION
Large-scale optical and infrared surveys have proved that the Milky Way halo contains a number of accretion-derived stellar features. These long-lived, tail-like features are produced by encounters with satellite dwarf galaxies. In contrast to disc and bulge stars, stream stars are located in the halo, with Galactocentric distances ranging from ∼ 10 kpc to more than 100 kpc, and are thus very valuable targets for constraining the shape of the dark matter halo.
The most prominent and well-studied stream is the Sagittarius tidal stream (hereafter Sgr stream), which was produced by the interaction of the Milky Way with its nearest satellite, the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxy (Sgr dSph). The existence of the Sgr stream was originally anticipated by Lynden-Bell & Lynden-Bell (1995) by investigating the positions and proper motions of global clusters. Ibata et al. (2001) first identified this structure from carbon stars, while Majewski et al. (2003) found that M giants can trace its detailed structure better and identified the ‘southern arc’ and ‘northern arm’. More recently, a variety of tracers were used to characterize the stream, including RR Lyrae (Vivas & Zinn 2006; Drake et al. 2013), horizontal branch stars (Ruhland et al. 2011; Shi et al. 2012), red clump stars (Correnti et al. 2010; Carrell, Wilhelm & Chen 2012), carbon stars (Ibata et al. 2001; Huxor & Grebel 2015), upper main-sequence stars and main-sequence turn-off stars (Belokurov et al. 2006; Koposov et al. 2012; Slater et al. 2013).
SiO, H2O and OH masers have been found in the envelopes of O-rich ([C/O] < 1) asymtotic giant branch (AGB) stars, in ∼3000 sources (Little-Marenin & Little 1990; Deguchi 2007; Kwon & Suh 2012). Most circumstellar maser sources are distributed in the disc of the Galaxy, while they have also been detected in globular clusters (Matsunaga et al. 2005). Deguchi et al. (2007) found one SiO maser, J1923554−1302029, that may be associated with the Sgr stellar tidal stream, while Deguchi, Shimoikura & Koike (2010) studied radial velocities of stellar SiO masers away from the Galactic plane and found some SiO masers with peculiar non-circular motions larger than 100 km s−1, indicating a possible signature of streaming motions.
In order to extend our investigations from the disc to the halo region, we conducted an SiO maser survey towards the Sgr stream region. The sample and observations are presented in Section 2.2. In Section 3.1 we present the results of this survey and compile a Galactic SiO maser catalogue. In Section 4 we discuss the Galactic locations and kinematics of SiO masers. A summary is given in Section 5.
2 SAMPLE AND OBSERVATIONS
2.1 Sample
The infrared colour–colour diagram is an effective tool to select AGB stars and has been explored intensively since all-sky IRAS photometry became available in the 1980s (van der Veen & Habing 1988). Many SiO maser surveys have been performed towards cold luminous IRAS sources (Hall et al. 1990; Haikala, Nyman & Forsstroem 1994; Izumiura et al. 1994, 1995; Jiang et al. 1995; Ita et al. 2001). Compared with the IRAS catalogue, the sensitivity of the recently released Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) all-sky catalogue is much better (Wright et al. 2010). In fact, the number of point sources in the catalogues of IRAS, AKARI and WISE are 245 889, 877 091 and 563 921 584 (Helou & Walker 1988; Ishihara et al. 2010; Cutri & et al. 2012). In order to detect more distant and fainter sources, we selected our maser survey sample from the WISE all-sky point source catalogue.
Nikutta et al. (2014) and Lian et al. (2014) showed that the WISE colour–colour diagram (W1 − W2 versus W3 − W4) is effective at identifying O-rich and C-rich AGB stars. We therefore used this colour–colour diagram to select targets for this SiO maser survey. First, we used the verified C-rich and O-rich AGB catalogue of Suh & Kwon (2009, 2011), shown as blue plus symbols and green circles in the colour–colour diagram, to define an empirical boundary (the polygon in the colour–colour diagram) of O-rich AGBs (see the left panel of Fig. 1). Secondly, we used a colour–magnitude ([W3] versus [W1 − W3]) diagram to remove contaminations, which are mainly extragalactic sources. In the right panel of Fig. 1, we show our observed target sources and O-rich AGB stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). Using the colour–magnitude diagram, fainter extragalactic sources with locations below SMC AGBs are easily identified and excluded. Thirdly, we considered the following three constraints on the sky position: Dec. > −25°, to be observable from the Nobeyma 45-m telescope; Galactic latitude higher than 30°, to exclude Galactic plane contamination; angular separation < 20° from the Sgr stream orbital plane, which follows a great circle with the normal vector towards l = 5|$_{.}^{\circ}$|6, b = −14|$_{.}^{\circ}$|2 (Majewski et al. 2003). We further checked the spectral type and stellar classifications with the SIMBAD1 data base to exclude tens of known C stars and galaxies. These criteria define a sample of 274 sources.
Around 30 sources from our sample were not observed, due to time constraints and conflict with the Solar position. In addition, considering the high detection rate of SiO masers in Miras, in the last stage of our observation sessions we observed nine additional Miras that were just outside our original selection polygon (red circles in Fig. 1). In total, we searched for SiO maser emission in 221 sources, including 108 (49 per cent) Miras, 37 (17 per cent) semi-regular stars, 23 (10 per cent) long-period variables, 42 (19 per cent) stars and 11 (5 per cent) other types, including five variable stars, two infrared sources, two Mira candidates, one S star and one long-period variable candidate. In Fig. 2, we show the locations of these sources in Galactic coordinates and Sgr stellar stream coordinates, where filled grey circles indicate sources with detections of maser emission. The definition of the Sgr stellar stream coordinates can be found in section 5.2.3 of Majewski et al. (2003), with the latitude of Sgr stellar stream coordinates, B, defined by the Sgr debris projected on the sky as viewed from the Sun. The normal vector of the Sgr orbital plane is towards the direction (l, b) = (273|$_{.}^{\circ}$|8, −13|$_{.}^{\circ}$|5) and with A = 0° towards the centre of the Sgr dSph. Equations to convert between equatorial and Sgr stream coordinate systems can be found in the appendix of Belokurov et al. (2014). Source details, i.e. source name (Galactic coordinate notation), equatorial coordinates, star type and spectral type, are given in Table A1 in the Appendix. For variable stars, Bayer designation names are also given, where star type and spectral type were queried from the SIMBAD data base.
2.2 Observations
We carried out observations of the SiO v = 1, 2, J = 1–0 (43.122 and 42.820 GHz) transitions for 221 sources with the Nobeyama 45-m telescope2 in 2016 April and May. During observation sessions, pointing was checked every 2 h using known sources of strong SiO maser emission. The half-power beam width was 38.7 arcsec at 43 GHz, with an aperture efficiency of 0.53. The backend was set with a bandwidth of 125 MHz and channel spacing of 30.52 kHz, covering a velocity range of ±430 km s−1 with a velocity spacing of 0.21 km s−1.
The data were calibrated using the chopper-wheel method, which corrected for atmospheric attenuation and antenna gain variations to yield an antenna temperature |$T^\ast _{\rm A}$|. System temperatures were within 150–230 K. The integration time per source was 10–30 min, giving a 1σ level of 0.03–0.05 K. The conversion factor from the antenna temperature, |$T^\ast _{\rm A}$| in units of K, to flux density in units of Jy was about 2.71 Jy K−1, which was estimated using an aperture efficiency of 0.53 and forward efficiency of 0.65.
3 SURVEY RESULTS AND SiO CATALOGUE
3.1 Survey results
In Table 1, we list the SiO masers detected in this survey. Of the 44 objects, 35 have no previous report of SiO masers. Apart from one infrared source (G179.370+30.743) and two Mira candidates (G011.025+53.268 and G353.826+42.588), all others are known as Miras. The detection rate of this SiO maser survey was 20 per cent, or 39 per cent considering a Mira-only subsample. Table A2 in the Appendix details the observational results of the 44 SiO maser sources. The maser spectra are presented in Fig. A1 in the Appendix.
ID . | Source . | Other . | RA (J2000) . | Dec. (J2000) . | VLSR . | Period . | PLR distance . | WISE distance . |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
. | name . | name . | (h:m:s) . | (d:m:s) . | (km s−1) . | (day) . | (kpc) . | (kpc) . |
1 | G004.482+32.104 | BD Oph | 16 05 46.29 | −06 42 27.8 | −8.8 | 340.440 | 2.003 | 2.791 |
2 | G008.104+45.840 | MW Ser | 15 28 43.67 | +03 49 43.6 | 41.0 | 1.659 | ||
3 | G011.025+53.268 | FV Boo | 15 08 25.77 | +09 36 18.4 | 4.5 | 313.500 | 1.990 | 1.821 |
4 | G011.159−41.196 | X Mic | 21 04 36.85 | −33 16 47.3 | 17.8 | 239.720 | 1.463 | 1.528 |
5 | G015.405−35.139 | R Mic | 20 40 02.99 | −28 47 31.2 | 19.9 | 138.620 | 0.765 | 1.212 |
6 | G019.002−39.495 | RR Cap | 21 02 20.78 | −27 05 14.9 | −51.8 | 277.540 | 2.071 | 1.135 |
7 | G019.509−56.308 | R PsA | 22 18 00.24 | −29 36 13.8 | −29.0 | 294.950 | 1.692 | 1.691 |
8 | G021.513−53.023 | S PsA | 22 03 45.83 | −28 03 04.2 | −100.8 | 271.350 | 1.908 | 2.467 |
9 | G022.158+40.858 | U Ser | 16 07 17.66 | +09 55 52.5 | −15.0 | 238.250 | 1.707 | 1.611 |
10 | G022.943−31.448 | RU Cap | 20 32 34.16 | −21 41 26.5 | 9.8 | 347.370 | 1.444 | 1.706 |
11 | G023.376−39.816 | V Cap | 21 07 36.63 | −23 55 13.4 | −20.9 | 276.260 | 1.458 | 1.572 |
12 | G038.070+66.469 | R Boo | 14 37 11.58 | +26 44 11.7 | −42.4 | 223.255 | 0.576 | 1.091 |
13 | G045.734−38.770 | HY Aqr | 21 31 06.50 | −07 34 20.4 | 26.3 | 311.350 | 3.026 | 3.718 |
14 | G064.549+76.014 | RT CVn | 13 48 44.69 | +33 43 34.2 | 26.3 | 253.600 | 3.651 | 4.738 |
15 | G085.581−67.859 | V Cet | 23 57 54.07 | −08 57 31.2 | 50.9 | 258.910 | 1.865 | 2.153 |
16 | G131.720−64.091 | Z Cet | 01 06 45.20 | −01 28 51.8 | 4.0 | 184.405 | 1.053 | 1.270 |
17 | G133.797−53.388 | S Psc | 01 17 34.56 | +08 55 52.0 | 4.3 | 404.620 | 0.941 | 1.246 |
18 | G141.940−58.536 | R Psc | 01 30 38.35 | +02 52 52.5 | −57.0 | 345.250 | 0.958 | 1.484 |
19 | G149.396−46.550 | S Ari | 02 04 37.67 | +12 31 36.9 | 9.5 | 291.000 | 2.602 | 2.335 |
20 | G165.616−40.899 | YZ Ari | 02 57 27.52 | +11 18 05.3 | 13.0 | 447.000 | 2.691 | 2.635 |
21 | G166.965−54.751 | R Cet | 02 26 02.31 | −00 10 42.0 | 35.2 | 166.240 | 0.623 | 1.376 |
22 | G168.980+37.738 | X UMa | 08 40 49.50 | +50 08 11.9 | −82.9 | 249.040 | 2.329 | 3.397 |
23 | G179.379+30.743 | – | 08 05 03.70 | +40 59 08.1 | −10.6 | 3.344 | ||
24 | G180.069−36.185 | V1083 Tau | 03 43 43.89 | +06 55 30.5 | 58.0 | 343.000 | 3.322 | 4.451 |
25 | G180.829+32.784 | W Lyn | 08 16 46.88 | +40 07 53.3 | −24.8 | 295.200 | 2.106 | 2.368 |
26 | G182.006−35.653 | V1191 Tau | 03 49 27.68 | +06 04 40.4 | 61.0 | 338.000 | 2.373 | 1.654 |
27 | G183.614+31.966 | RT Lyn | 08 14 50.64 | +37 40 11.7 | 27.5 | 394.600 | 1.616 | |
28 | G195.025−53.735 | SS Eri | 03 11 53.14 | −11 52 32.4 | 33.2 | 316.700 | 3.065 | 3.334 |
29 | G198.593−69.596 | RY Cet | 02 16 00.08 | −20 31 10.5 | −2.8 | 369.000 | 1.270 | 1.433 |
30 | G211.919+50.661 | V Leo | 10 00 01.99 | +21 15 43.9 | −25.5 | 273.350 | 1.530 | 1.002 |
31 | G235.246+67.258 | TZ Leo | 11 23 40.03 | +16 51 07.0 | 12.9 | 327.750 | 0.795 | 1.122 |
32 | G248.071−84.665 | U Scl | 01 11 36.38 | −30 06 29.4 | −10.3 | 333.730 | 1.771 | 2.436 |
33 | G261.694+46.256 | RT Crt | 11 01 55.14 | −07 39 41.8 | 32.9 | 263.100 | 2.032 | 3.177 |
34 | G315.566+57.522 | VY Vir | 13 18 30.52 | −04 41 03.2 | 72.0 | 278.520 | 1.579 | 2.133 |
35 | G325.570+85.690 | T Com | 12 58 38.90 | +23 08 21.0 | 26.1 | 406.000 | 1.838 | 1.875 |
36 | G330.757+45.262 | Z Vir | 14 10 22.10 | −13 18 11.8 | 66.8 | 3.022 | ||
37 | G334.109+36.043 | LY Lib | 14 37 29.14 | −20 19 41.2 | −25.4 | 283.500 | 3.379 | 4.111 |
38 | G335.504+35.524 | SX Lib | 14 42 46.26 | −20 12 36.1 | −31.2 | 331.450 | 1.952 | 1.842 |
39 | G336.532+38.006 | V Lib | 14 40 22.18 | −17 39 26.9 | 18.1 | 255.650 | 3.047 | 2.714 |
40 | G337.373+32.451 | EG Lib | 14 55 21.62 | −22 00 19.6 | −7.8 | 386.000 | 1.312 | 1.805 |
41 | G339.224+44.663 | KS Lib | 14 32 59.87 | −10 56 03.2 | 70.7 | 375.500 | 3.788 | 3.076 |
42 | G340.829+31.460 | YY Lib | 15 08 10.66 | −21 10 00.3 | −3.9 | 229.865 | 3.406 | 3.465 |
43 | G353.826+42.588 | Y Lib | 15 11 41.26 | −06 00 41.2 | 14.9 | 276.350 | 1.285 | 1.875 |
44 | G356.642+59.618 | AP Vir | 14 28 30.27 | +07 17 37.1 | 37.2 | 306.500 | 2.295 | 1.961 |
ID . | Source . | Other . | RA (J2000) . | Dec. (J2000) . | VLSR . | Period . | PLR distance . | WISE distance . |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
. | name . | name . | (h:m:s) . | (d:m:s) . | (km s−1) . | (day) . | (kpc) . | (kpc) . |
1 | G004.482+32.104 | BD Oph | 16 05 46.29 | −06 42 27.8 | −8.8 | 340.440 | 2.003 | 2.791 |
2 | G008.104+45.840 | MW Ser | 15 28 43.67 | +03 49 43.6 | 41.0 | 1.659 | ||
3 | G011.025+53.268 | FV Boo | 15 08 25.77 | +09 36 18.4 | 4.5 | 313.500 | 1.990 | 1.821 |
4 | G011.159−41.196 | X Mic | 21 04 36.85 | −33 16 47.3 | 17.8 | 239.720 | 1.463 | 1.528 |
5 | G015.405−35.139 | R Mic | 20 40 02.99 | −28 47 31.2 | 19.9 | 138.620 | 0.765 | 1.212 |
6 | G019.002−39.495 | RR Cap | 21 02 20.78 | −27 05 14.9 | −51.8 | 277.540 | 2.071 | 1.135 |
7 | G019.509−56.308 | R PsA | 22 18 00.24 | −29 36 13.8 | −29.0 | 294.950 | 1.692 | 1.691 |
8 | G021.513−53.023 | S PsA | 22 03 45.83 | −28 03 04.2 | −100.8 | 271.350 | 1.908 | 2.467 |
9 | G022.158+40.858 | U Ser | 16 07 17.66 | +09 55 52.5 | −15.0 | 238.250 | 1.707 | 1.611 |
10 | G022.943−31.448 | RU Cap | 20 32 34.16 | −21 41 26.5 | 9.8 | 347.370 | 1.444 | 1.706 |
11 | G023.376−39.816 | V Cap | 21 07 36.63 | −23 55 13.4 | −20.9 | 276.260 | 1.458 | 1.572 |
12 | G038.070+66.469 | R Boo | 14 37 11.58 | +26 44 11.7 | −42.4 | 223.255 | 0.576 | 1.091 |
13 | G045.734−38.770 | HY Aqr | 21 31 06.50 | −07 34 20.4 | 26.3 | 311.350 | 3.026 | 3.718 |
14 | G064.549+76.014 | RT CVn | 13 48 44.69 | +33 43 34.2 | 26.3 | 253.600 | 3.651 | 4.738 |
15 | G085.581−67.859 | V Cet | 23 57 54.07 | −08 57 31.2 | 50.9 | 258.910 | 1.865 | 2.153 |
16 | G131.720−64.091 | Z Cet | 01 06 45.20 | −01 28 51.8 | 4.0 | 184.405 | 1.053 | 1.270 |
17 | G133.797−53.388 | S Psc | 01 17 34.56 | +08 55 52.0 | 4.3 | 404.620 | 0.941 | 1.246 |
18 | G141.940−58.536 | R Psc | 01 30 38.35 | +02 52 52.5 | −57.0 | 345.250 | 0.958 | 1.484 |
19 | G149.396−46.550 | S Ari | 02 04 37.67 | +12 31 36.9 | 9.5 | 291.000 | 2.602 | 2.335 |
20 | G165.616−40.899 | YZ Ari | 02 57 27.52 | +11 18 05.3 | 13.0 | 447.000 | 2.691 | 2.635 |
21 | G166.965−54.751 | R Cet | 02 26 02.31 | −00 10 42.0 | 35.2 | 166.240 | 0.623 | 1.376 |
22 | G168.980+37.738 | X UMa | 08 40 49.50 | +50 08 11.9 | −82.9 | 249.040 | 2.329 | 3.397 |
23 | G179.379+30.743 | – | 08 05 03.70 | +40 59 08.1 | −10.6 | 3.344 | ||
24 | G180.069−36.185 | V1083 Tau | 03 43 43.89 | +06 55 30.5 | 58.0 | 343.000 | 3.322 | 4.451 |
25 | G180.829+32.784 | W Lyn | 08 16 46.88 | +40 07 53.3 | −24.8 | 295.200 | 2.106 | 2.368 |
26 | G182.006−35.653 | V1191 Tau | 03 49 27.68 | +06 04 40.4 | 61.0 | 338.000 | 2.373 | 1.654 |
27 | G183.614+31.966 | RT Lyn | 08 14 50.64 | +37 40 11.7 | 27.5 | 394.600 | 1.616 | |
28 | G195.025−53.735 | SS Eri | 03 11 53.14 | −11 52 32.4 | 33.2 | 316.700 | 3.065 | 3.334 |
29 | G198.593−69.596 | RY Cet | 02 16 00.08 | −20 31 10.5 | −2.8 | 369.000 | 1.270 | 1.433 |
30 | G211.919+50.661 | V Leo | 10 00 01.99 | +21 15 43.9 | −25.5 | 273.350 | 1.530 | 1.002 |
31 | G235.246+67.258 | TZ Leo | 11 23 40.03 | +16 51 07.0 | 12.9 | 327.750 | 0.795 | 1.122 |
32 | G248.071−84.665 | U Scl | 01 11 36.38 | −30 06 29.4 | −10.3 | 333.730 | 1.771 | 2.436 |
33 | G261.694+46.256 | RT Crt | 11 01 55.14 | −07 39 41.8 | 32.9 | 263.100 | 2.032 | 3.177 |
34 | G315.566+57.522 | VY Vir | 13 18 30.52 | −04 41 03.2 | 72.0 | 278.520 | 1.579 | 2.133 |
35 | G325.570+85.690 | T Com | 12 58 38.90 | +23 08 21.0 | 26.1 | 406.000 | 1.838 | 1.875 |
36 | G330.757+45.262 | Z Vir | 14 10 22.10 | −13 18 11.8 | 66.8 | 3.022 | ||
37 | G334.109+36.043 | LY Lib | 14 37 29.14 | −20 19 41.2 | −25.4 | 283.500 | 3.379 | 4.111 |
38 | G335.504+35.524 | SX Lib | 14 42 46.26 | −20 12 36.1 | −31.2 | 331.450 | 1.952 | 1.842 |
39 | G336.532+38.006 | V Lib | 14 40 22.18 | −17 39 26.9 | 18.1 | 255.650 | 3.047 | 2.714 |
40 | G337.373+32.451 | EG Lib | 14 55 21.62 | −22 00 19.6 | −7.8 | 386.000 | 1.312 | 1.805 |
41 | G339.224+44.663 | KS Lib | 14 32 59.87 | −10 56 03.2 | 70.7 | 375.500 | 3.788 | 3.076 |
42 | G340.829+31.460 | YY Lib | 15 08 10.66 | −21 10 00.3 | −3.9 | 229.865 | 3.406 | 3.465 |
43 | G353.826+42.588 | Y Lib | 15 11 41.26 | −06 00 41.2 | 14.9 | 276.350 | 1.285 | 1.875 |
44 | G356.642+59.618 | AP Vir | 14 28 30.27 | +07 17 37.1 | 37.2 | 306.500 | 2.295 | 1.961 |
Notes: column 1 gives the IDs of sources; column 2 Galactic-coordinate notated source names; column 3 Bayer designation names of variables; columns 4 and 5 equatorial coordinates; column 6 VLSR; column 7 periods of variables; columns 8 and 9 PLR and WISE distances.
ID . | Source . | Other . | RA (J2000) . | Dec. (J2000) . | VLSR . | Period . | PLR distance . | WISE distance . |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
. | name . | name . | (h:m:s) . | (d:m:s) . | (km s−1) . | (day) . | (kpc) . | (kpc) . |
1 | G004.482+32.104 | BD Oph | 16 05 46.29 | −06 42 27.8 | −8.8 | 340.440 | 2.003 | 2.791 |
2 | G008.104+45.840 | MW Ser | 15 28 43.67 | +03 49 43.6 | 41.0 | 1.659 | ||
3 | G011.025+53.268 | FV Boo | 15 08 25.77 | +09 36 18.4 | 4.5 | 313.500 | 1.990 | 1.821 |
4 | G011.159−41.196 | X Mic | 21 04 36.85 | −33 16 47.3 | 17.8 | 239.720 | 1.463 | 1.528 |
5 | G015.405−35.139 | R Mic | 20 40 02.99 | −28 47 31.2 | 19.9 | 138.620 | 0.765 | 1.212 |
6 | G019.002−39.495 | RR Cap | 21 02 20.78 | −27 05 14.9 | −51.8 | 277.540 | 2.071 | 1.135 |
7 | G019.509−56.308 | R PsA | 22 18 00.24 | −29 36 13.8 | −29.0 | 294.950 | 1.692 | 1.691 |
8 | G021.513−53.023 | S PsA | 22 03 45.83 | −28 03 04.2 | −100.8 | 271.350 | 1.908 | 2.467 |
9 | G022.158+40.858 | U Ser | 16 07 17.66 | +09 55 52.5 | −15.0 | 238.250 | 1.707 | 1.611 |
10 | G022.943−31.448 | RU Cap | 20 32 34.16 | −21 41 26.5 | 9.8 | 347.370 | 1.444 | 1.706 |
11 | G023.376−39.816 | V Cap | 21 07 36.63 | −23 55 13.4 | −20.9 | 276.260 | 1.458 | 1.572 |
12 | G038.070+66.469 | R Boo | 14 37 11.58 | +26 44 11.7 | −42.4 | 223.255 | 0.576 | 1.091 |
13 | G045.734−38.770 | HY Aqr | 21 31 06.50 | −07 34 20.4 | 26.3 | 311.350 | 3.026 | 3.718 |
14 | G064.549+76.014 | RT CVn | 13 48 44.69 | +33 43 34.2 | 26.3 | 253.600 | 3.651 | 4.738 |
15 | G085.581−67.859 | V Cet | 23 57 54.07 | −08 57 31.2 | 50.9 | 258.910 | 1.865 | 2.153 |
16 | G131.720−64.091 | Z Cet | 01 06 45.20 | −01 28 51.8 | 4.0 | 184.405 | 1.053 | 1.270 |
17 | G133.797−53.388 | S Psc | 01 17 34.56 | +08 55 52.0 | 4.3 | 404.620 | 0.941 | 1.246 |
18 | G141.940−58.536 | R Psc | 01 30 38.35 | +02 52 52.5 | −57.0 | 345.250 | 0.958 | 1.484 |
19 | G149.396−46.550 | S Ari | 02 04 37.67 | +12 31 36.9 | 9.5 | 291.000 | 2.602 | 2.335 |
20 | G165.616−40.899 | YZ Ari | 02 57 27.52 | +11 18 05.3 | 13.0 | 447.000 | 2.691 | 2.635 |
21 | G166.965−54.751 | R Cet | 02 26 02.31 | −00 10 42.0 | 35.2 | 166.240 | 0.623 | 1.376 |
22 | G168.980+37.738 | X UMa | 08 40 49.50 | +50 08 11.9 | −82.9 | 249.040 | 2.329 | 3.397 |
23 | G179.379+30.743 | – | 08 05 03.70 | +40 59 08.1 | −10.6 | 3.344 | ||
24 | G180.069−36.185 | V1083 Tau | 03 43 43.89 | +06 55 30.5 | 58.0 | 343.000 | 3.322 | 4.451 |
25 | G180.829+32.784 | W Lyn | 08 16 46.88 | +40 07 53.3 | −24.8 | 295.200 | 2.106 | 2.368 |
26 | G182.006−35.653 | V1191 Tau | 03 49 27.68 | +06 04 40.4 | 61.0 | 338.000 | 2.373 | 1.654 |
27 | G183.614+31.966 | RT Lyn | 08 14 50.64 | +37 40 11.7 | 27.5 | 394.600 | 1.616 | |
28 | G195.025−53.735 | SS Eri | 03 11 53.14 | −11 52 32.4 | 33.2 | 316.700 | 3.065 | 3.334 |
29 | G198.593−69.596 | RY Cet | 02 16 00.08 | −20 31 10.5 | −2.8 | 369.000 | 1.270 | 1.433 |
30 | G211.919+50.661 | V Leo | 10 00 01.99 | +21 15 43.9 | −25.5 | 273.350 | 1.530 | 1.002 |
31 | G235.246+67.258 | TZ Leo | 11 23 40.03 | +16 51 07.0 | 12.9 | 327.750 | 0.795 | 1.122 |
32 | G248.071−84.665 | U Scl | 01 11 36.38 | −30 06 29.4 | −10.3 | 333.730 | 1.771 | 2.436 |
33 | G261.694+46.256 | RT Crt | 11 01 55.14 | −07 39 41.8 | 32.9 | 263.100 | 2.032 | 3.177 |
34 | G315.566+57.522 | VY Vir | 13 18 30.52 | −04 41 03.2 | 72.0 | 278.520 | 1.579 | 2.133 |
35 | G325.570+85.690 | T Com | 12 58 38.90 | +23 08 21.0 | 26.1 | 406.000 | 1.838 | 1.875 |
36 | G330.757+45.262 | Z Vir | 14 10 22.10 | −13 18 11.8 | 66.8 | 3.022 | ||
37 | G334.109+36.043 | LY Lib | 14 37 29.14 | −20 19 41.2 | −25.4 | 283.500 | 3.379 | 4.111 |
38 | G335.504+35.524 | SX Lib | 14 42 46.26 | −20 12 36.1 | −31.2 | 331.450 | 1.952 | 1.842 |
39 | G336.532+38.006 | V Lib | 14 40 22.18 | −17 39 26.9 | 18.1 | 255.650 | 3.047 | 2.714 |
40 | G337.373+32.451 | EG Lib | 14 55 21.62 | −22 00 19.6 | −7.8 | 386.000 | 1.312 | 1.805 |
41 | G339.224+44.663 | KS Lib | 14 32 59.87 | −10 56 03.2 | 70.7 | 375.500 | 3.788 | 3.076 |
42 | G340.829+31.460 | YY Lib | 15 08 10.66 | −21 10 00.3 | −3.9 | 229.865 | 3.406 | 3.465 |
43 | G353.826+42.588 | Y Lib | 15 11 41.26 | −06 00 41.2 | 14.9 | 276.350 | 1.285 | 1.875 |
44 | G356.642+59.618 | AP Vir | 14 28 30.27 | +07 17 37.1 | 37.2 | 306.500 | 2.295 | 1.961 |
ID . | Source . | Other . | RA (J2000) . | Dec. (J2000) . | VLSR . | Period . | PLR distance . | WISE distance . |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
. | name . | name . | (h:m:s) . | (d:m:s) . | (km s−1) . | (day) . | (kpc) . | (kpc) . |
1 | G004.482+32.104 | BD Oph | 16 05 46.29 | −06 42 27.8 | −8.8 | 340.440 | 2.003 | 2.791 |
2 | G008.104+45.840 | MW Ser | 15 28 43.67 | +03 49 43.6 | 41.0 | 1.659 | ||
3 | G011.025+53.268 | FV Boo | 15 08 25.77 | +09 36 18.4 | 4.5 | 313.500 | 1.990 | 1.821 |
4 | G011.159−41.196 | X Mic | 21 04 36.85 | −33 16 47.3 | 17.8 | 239.720 | 1.463 | 1.528 |
5 | G015.405−35.139 | R Mic | 20 40 02.99 | −28 47 31.2 | 19.9 | 138.620 | 0.765 | 1.212 |
6 | G019.002−39.495 | RR Cap | 21 02 20.78 | −27 05 14.9 | −51.8 | 277.540 | 2.071 | 1.135 |
7 | G019.509−56.308 | R PsA | 22 18 00.24 | −29 36 13.8 | −29.0 | 294.950 | 1.692 | 1.691 |
8 | G021.513−53.023 | S PsA | 22 03 45.83 | −28 03 04.2 | −100.8 | 271.350 | 1.908 | 2.467 |
9 | G022.158+40.858 | U Ser | 16 07 17.66 | +09 55 52.5 | −15.0 | 238.250 | 1.707 | 1.611 |
10 | G022.943−31.448 | RU Cap | 20 32 34.16 | −21 41 26.5 | 9.8 | 347.370 | 1.444 | 1.706 |
11 | G023.376−39.816 | V Cap | 21 07 36.63 | −23 55 13.4 | −20.9 | 276.260 | 1.458 | 1.572 |
12 | G038.070+66.469 | R Boo | 14 37 11.58 | +26 44 11.7 | −42.4 | 223.255 | 0.576 | 1.091 |
13 | G045.734−38.770 | HY Aqr | 21 31 06.50 | −07 34 20.4 | 26.3 | 311.350 | 3.026 | 3.718 |
14 | G064.549+76.014 | RT CVn | 13 48 44.69 | +33 43 34.2 | 26.3 | 253.600 | 3.651 | 4.738 |
15 | G085.581−67.859 | V Cet | 23 57 54.07 | −08 57 31.2 | 50.9 | 258.910 | 1.865 | 2.153 |
16 | G131.720−64.091 | Z Cet | 01 06 45.20 | −01 28 51.8 | 4.0 | 184.405 | 1.053 | 1.270 |
17 | G133.797−53.388 | S Psc | 01 17 34.56 | +08 55 52.0 | 4.3 | 404.620 | 0.941 | 1.246 |
18 | G141.940−58.536 | R Psc | 01 30 38.35 | +02 52 52.5 | −57.0 | 345.250 | 0.958 | 1.484 |
19 | G149.396−46.550 | S Ari | 02 04 37.67 | +12 31 36.9 | 9.5 | 291.000 | 2.602 | 2.335 |
20 | G165.616−40.899 | YZ Ari | 02 57 27.52 | +11 18 05.3 | 13.0 | 447.000 | 2.691 | 2.635 |
21 | G166.965−54.751 | R Cet | 02 26 02.31 | −00 10 42.0 | 35.2 | 166.240 | 0.623 | 1.376 |
22 | G168.980+37.738 | X UMa | 08 40 49.50 | +50 08 11.9 | −82.9 | 249.040 | 2.329 | 3.397 |
23 | G179.379+30.743 | – | 08 05 03.70 | +40 59 08.1 | −10.6 | 3.344 | ||
24 | G180.069−36.185 | V1083 Tau | 03 43 43.89 | +06 55 30.5 | 58.0 | 343.000 | 3.322 | 4.451 |
25 | G180.829+32.784 | W Lyn | 08 16 46.88 | +40 07 53.3 | −24.8 | 295.200 | 2.106 | 2.368 |
26 | G182.006−35.653 | V1191 Tau | 03 49 27.68 | +06 04 40.4 | 61.0 | 338.000 | 2.373 | 1.654 |
27 | G183.614+31.966 | RT Lyn | 08 14 50.64 | +37 40 11.7 | 27.5 | 394.600 | 1.616 | |
28 | G195.025−53.735 | SS Eri | 03 11 53.14 | −11 52 32.4 | 33.2 | 316.700 | 3.065 | 3.334 |
29 | G198.593−69.596 | RY Cet | 02 16 00.08 | −20 31 10.5 | −2.8 | 369.000 | 1.270 | 1.433 |
30 | G211.919+50.661 | V Leo | 10 00 01.99 | +21 15 43.9 | −25.5 | 273.350 | 1.530 | 1.002 |
31 | G235.246+67.258 | TZ Leo | 11 23 40.03 | +16 51 07.0 | 12.9 | 327.750 | 0.795 | 1.122 |
32 | G248.071−84.665 | U Scl | 01 11 36.38 | −30 06 29.4 | −10.3 | 333.730 | 1.771 | 2.436 |
33 | G261.694+46.256 | RT Crt | 11 01 55.14 | −07 39 41.8 | 32.9 | 263.100 | 2.032 | 3.177 |
34 | G315.566+57.522 | VY Vir | 13 18 30.52 | −04 41 03.2 | 72.0 | 278.520 | 1.579 | 2.133 |
35 | G325.570+85.690 | T Com | 12 58 38.90 | +23 08 21.0 | 26.1 | 406.000 | 1.838 | 1.875 |
36 | G330.757+45.262 | Z Vir | 14 10 22.10 | −13 18 11.8 | 66.8 | 3.022 | ||
37 | G334.109+36.043 | LY Lib | 14 37 29.14 | −20 19 41.2 | −25.4 | 283.500 | 3.379 | 4.111 |
38 | G335.504+35.524 | SX Lib | 14 42 46.26 | −20 12 36.1 | −31.2 | 331.450 | 1.952 | 1.842 |
39 | G336.532+38.006 | V Lib | 14 40 22.18 | −17 39 26.9 | 18.1 | 255.650 | 3.047 | 2.714 |
40 | G337.373+32.451 | EG Lib | 14 55 21.62 | −22 00 19.6 | −7.8 | 386.000 | 1.312 | 1.805 |
41 | G339.224+44.663 | KS Lib | 14 32 59.87 | −10 56 03.2 | 70.7 | 375.500 | 3.788 | 3.076 |
42 | G340.829+31.460 | YY Lib | 15 08 10.66 | −21 10 00.3 | −3.9 | 229.865 | 3.406 | 3.465 |
43 | G353.826+42.588 | Y Lib | 15 11 41.26 | −06 00 41.2 | 14.9 | 276.350 | 1.285 | 1.875 |
44 | G356.642+59.618 | AP Vir | 14 28 30.27 | +07 17 37.1 | 37.2 | 306.500 | 2.295 | 1.961 |
Notes: column 1 gives the IDs of sources; column 2 Galactic-coordinate notated source names; column 3 Bayer designation names of variables; columns 4 and 5 equatorial coordinates; column 6 VLSR; column 7 periods of variables; columns 8 and 9 PLR and WISE distances.
Fig. 3 shows the colour–colour and colour–magnitude diagrams of our sample with/without maser detections. We found that the W1 − W4 colour is higher than 1.3 for all SiO maser sources, thus presenting a suitable selection criterion for future AGB maser surveys. As indicated by colours of the dots in Fig. 3, all the SiO masers detected by this survey are within 5 kpc. Methods used to derive distances are presented in Section 4.1.
In Fig. 4, we plot distances versus antenna temperatures of SiO v = 1 J = 1–0 maser emission. There is a trend that SiO maser line emission at near distances tend to be brighter than that of sources at greater distances.
3.2 Galactic SiO maser survey catalogue
In order to identify potential SiO maser sources in the Sgr stellar stream, in addition to our observations, we compiled a Galactic SiO maser catalogue that includes ∼2300 sources from 48 articles published before 2017 (Table 2). These SiO masers were observed at transitions of v = 0,1 J = 1–0 (43/42 GHz) or v = 0, J = 2=-1 (86 GHz). For sources that were reported in more than one article, the mean VLSR value was calculated.
ID . | Source . | RA (2000) . | Dec. (2000) . | VLSR . | J . | H . | Ks . | W1 . | W2 . | W3 . | W4 . | Period . | Distance . | Ref. . |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
. | name . | (h:m:s) . | (d:m:s) . | (km s−1) . | (mag) . | (mag) . | (mag) . | (mag) . | (mag) . | (mag) . | (mag) . | (day) . | (kpc) . | . |
1 | G108.713−35.564 | 00 00 06.6 | 25 53 11.3 | −29.0 | 2.225 | 1.317 | 0.915 | 2.838 | 1.890 | −0.615 | −0.712 | 327.400 | 0.53/— | 17 |
2 | G116.144−06.556 | 00 03 21.3 | 55 40 50.0 | −17.5 | 2.770 | 1.810 | 1.135 | 1.211 | 1.012 | −0.958 | −2.165 | 413.480 | 0.70/— | 43 |
3 | G116.145−06.557 | 00 03 21.6 | 55 40 48.0 | 2.0 | 2.770 | 1.810 | 1.135 | 1.211 | 1.012 | −0.958 | −2.165 | 413.480 | –/— | 6 |
4 | G113.251−21.875 | 00 04 20.5 | 40 06 36.0 | −91.0 | 3.570 | 2.592 | 2.084 | 2.315 | 1.504 | 0.560 | 0.171 | 313.000 | –/1.07 | 6 |
5 | G039.912−80.045 | 00 07 36.2 | 25 29 40.0 | 22.9 | 4.254 | 3.199 | 2.652 | 2.444 | 1.501 | 0.114 | −0.606 | 411.000 | 1.39/1.43 | 43 |
6 | G116.964−07.516 | 00 10 09.1 | 54 52 34.3 | −35.2 | 4.822 | 3.747 | 3.043 | 2.683 | 1.762 | 1.425 | 0.745 | 396.000 | 1.63/1.20 | 46 |
ID . | Source . | RA (2000) . | Dec. (2000) . | VLSR . | J . | H . | Ks . | W1 . | W2 . | W3 . | W4 . | Period . | Distance . | Ref. . |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
. | name . | (h:m:s) . | (d:m:s) . | (km s−1) . | (mag) . | (mag) . | (mag) . | (mag) . | (mag) . | (mag) . | (mag) . | (day) . | (kpc) . | . |
1 | G108.713−35.564 | 00 00 06.6 | 25 53 11.3 | −29.0 | 2.225 | 1.317 | 0.915 | 2.838 | 1.890 | −0.615 | −0.712 | 327.400 | 0.53/— | 17 |
2 | G116.144−06.556 | 00 03 21.3 | 55 40 50.0 | −17.5 | 2.770 | 1.810 | 1.135 | 1.211 | 1.012 | −0.958 | −2.165 | 413.480 | 0.70/— | 43 |
3 | G116.145−06.557 | 00 03 21.6 | 55 40 48.0 | 2.0 | 2.770 | 1.810 | 1.135 | 1.211 | 1.012 | −0.958 | −2.165 | 413.480 | –/— | 6 |
4 | G113.251−21.875 | 00 04 20.5 | 40 06 36.0 | −91.0 | 3.570 | 2.592 | 2.084 | 2.315 | 1.504 | 0.560 | 0.171 | 313.000 | –/1.07 | 6 |
5 | G039.912−80.045 | 00 07 36.2 | 25 29 40.0 | 22.9 | 4.254 | 3.199 | 2.652 | 2.444 | 1.501 | 0.114 | −0.606 | 411.000 | 1.39/1.43 | 43 |
6 | G116.964−07.516 | 00 10 09.1 | 54 52 34.3 | −35.2 | 4.822 | 3.747 | 3.043 | 2.683 | 1.762 | 1.425 | 0.745 | 396.000 | 1.63/1.20 | 46 |
Note: Column 1 shows the IDs of sources; column 2 Galactic-coordinate notated source names; columns 3 and 4 equatorial coordinates; column 5 VLSR; columns 6, 7, 8 the 2MASS J, H, Ks magnitudes; columns 9, 10, 11, 12 the WISE-4 band magnitudes; column 13 periods of variables; column 14 PLR and WISE distances; the last column gives references. The full catalogue, together with 48 references, is present in the online materials.
ID . | Source . | RA (2000) . | Dec. (2000) . | VLSR . | J . | H . | Ks . | W1 . | W2 . | W3 . | W4 . | Period . | Distance . | Ref. . |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
. | name . | (h:m:s) . | (d:m:s) . | (km s−1) . | (mag) . | (mag) . | (mag) . | (mag) . | (mag) . | (mag) . | (mag) . | (day) . | (kpc) . | . |
1 | G108.713−35.564 | 00 00 06.6 | 25 53 11.3 | −29.0 | 2.225 | 1.317 | 0.915 | 2.838 | 1.890 | −0.615 | −0.712 | 327.400 | 0.53/— | 17 |
2 | G116.144−06.556 | 00 03 21.3 | 55 40 50.0 | −17.5 | 2.770 | 1.810 | 1.135 | 1.211 | 1.012 | −0.958 | −2.165 | 413.480 | 0.70/— | 43 |
3 | G116.145−06.557 | 00 03 21.6 | 55 40 48.0 | 2.0 | 2.770 | 1.810 | 1.135 | 1.211 | 1.012 | −0.958 | −2.165 | 413.480 | –/— | 6 |
4 | G113.251−21.875 | 00 04 20.5 | 40 06 36.0 | −91.0 | 3.570 | 2.592 | 2.084 | 2.315 | 1.504 | 0.560 | 0.171 | 313.000 | –/1.07 | 6 |
5 | G039.912−80.045 | 00 07 36.2 | 25 29 40.0 | 22.9 | 4.254 | 3.199 | 2.652 | 2.444 | 1.501 | 0.114 | −0.606 | 411.000 | 1.39/1.43 | 43 |
6 | G116.964−07.516 | 00 10 09.1 | 54 52 34.3 | −35.2 | 4.822 | 3.747 | 3.043 | 2.683 | 1.762 | 1.425 | 0.745 | 396.000 | 1.63/1.20 | 46 |
ID . | Source . | RA (2000) . | Dec. (2000) . | VLSR . | J . | H . | Ks . | W1 . | W2 . | W3 . | W4 . | Period . | Distance . | Ref. . |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
. | name . | (h:m:s) . | (d:m:s) . | (km s−1) . | (mag) . | (mag) . | (mag) . | (mag) . | (mag) . | (mag) . | (mag) . | (day) . | (kpc) . | . |
1 | G108.713−35.564 | 00 00 06.6 | 25 53 11.3 | −29.0 | 2.225 | 1.317 | 0.915 | 2.838 | 1.890 | −0.615 | −0.712 | 327.400 | 0.53/— | 17 |
2 | G116.144−06.556 | 00 03 21.3 | 55 40 50.0 | −17.5 | 2.770 | 1.810 | 1.135 | 1.211 | 1.012 | −0.958 | −2.165 | 413.480 | 0.70/— | 43 |
3 | G116.145−06.557 | 00 03 21.6 | 55 40 48.0 | 2.0 | 2.770 | 1.810 | 1.135 | 1.211 | 1.012 | −0.958 | −2.165 | 413.480 | –/— | 6 |
4 | G113.251−21.875 | 00 04 20.5 | 40 06 36.0 | −91.0 | 3.570 | 2.592 | 2.084 | 2.315 | 1.504 | 0.560 | 0.171 | 313.000 | –/1.07 | 6 |
5 | G039.912−80.045 | 00 07 36.2 | 25 29 40.0 | 22.9 | 4.254 | 3.199 | 2.652 | 2.444 | 1.501 | 0.114 | −0.606 | 411.000 | 1.39/1.43 | 43 |
6 | G116.964−07.516 | 00 10 09.1 | 54 52 34.3 | −35.2 | 4.822 | 3.747 | 3.043 | 2.683 | 1.762 | 1.425 | 0.745 | 396.000 | 1.63/1.20 | 46 |
Note: Column 1 shows the IDs of sources; column 2 Galactic-coordinate notated source names; columns 3 and 4 equatorial coordinates; column 5 VLSR; columns 6, 7, 8 the 2MASS J, H, Ks magnitudes; columns 9, 10, 11, 12 the WISE-4 band magnitudes; column 13 periods of variables; column 14 PLR and WISE distances; the last column gives references. The full catalogue, together with 48 references, is present in the online materials.
The positional accuracy of the WISE point source catalogue is 0.5 arcsec. Regarding SiO maser surveys, aside from several blind surveys towards the Bugle and Galactic Centre regions (Shiki & Deguchi 1997; Izumiura, Deguchi & Fujii 1998) and interferometric (Jansky Very Large Array (JVLA) and Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA)) surveys towards the Galactic Centre region (Sjouwerman et al. 2002; Li et al. 2010), nearly all other surveys have samples selected from IRAS, Two Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS), Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX) or variable star catalogues. Despite the majority of maser surveys being conducted with single-dish observations with beam sizes ∼40 arcsec, the positional accuracy of most infrared-selected sources is as good as 3 arcsec. When matching with the WISE point source catalogue, we used a search radius of 5 arcsec. We further removed extended sources and spurious sources, such as diffraction spikes and haloes in nearby bright sources. Most sources without 2MASS or WISE conterparts are sources towards the Bulge and Galactic Centre, where high stellar densities result in source confusion. In summary, we have compiled a catalogue including ∼2300 SiO masers and derived distances for ∼1000 of them. The full catalogue is included in the online material.
4 DISCUSSION
4.1 Distance and galactic distribution
Distance is a key parameter in investigations of the distribution of Galactic objects (Honma et al. 2012; Reid et al. 2014; Bland-Hawthorn & Gerhard 2016). For SiO masers in Miras with known periods and Ks magnitudes, their distances can be calculated via the period–luminosity relation (PLR). Formulae used to derive the PLR distances are given in Appendix A1.
In the top panel of Fig. 5, we present the WISE and 2MASS colour–magnitude diagrams of O-rich Miras in our combined catalogue. In the WISE [W1 − W4] versus [W4] diagram, a clear gradient of distances from the top left to the bottom right can be seen. Redder sources tend to be brighter in the W4 band, due to reddening by the circumstellar dusty envelope. As described in Appendix A2, by using Miras with known PLR distances, we derived an empirical relation to derive the distance based on the WISE [W1 − W4] colour and [W4] magnitude for O-rich Miras (equation A9). The details of the derivation and calibration of this relationship are given in Appendix A2. This relation can be used to estimate WISE luminosity distances of O-rich Miras without known periods or Ks magnitudes. In the lower panels of Fig. 5, we plot the WISE distances against the PLR distances for Miras with both distances. The mean and standard deviation of DWISE − DPLR are −0.26 and 1.6 kpc. Generally, distances estimated by these two methods agree to within 2 kpc. Most large deviations are sources towards the Bulge and Galactocentric region, where interstellar extinction is high (AV > 2). In summary, we obtained PLR distances for 587 sources and WISE distances for 749 sources.
In Fig. 6, we show histograms of heliocentric distances and distances from the Galactic plane. The majority of PLR distances are within 5 kpc. This is due to high extinction at greater distances. In contrast, there are only a few sources with WISE distances within 2 kpc. This is due to the saturation of WISE phototmetry for nearby AGBs.
With these distances, we estimated a Galactic plane scaleheight of 0.40 kpc for Miras with SiO masers, by fitting the histogram of Galactic plane distances with an exponential density profile (right panel of Fig. 6). When estimating the scaleheight, only sources with distances smaller than 7 kpc were used, given that distance uncertainties of sources towards the Bulge and Galactocentric region tend to be large (Figs 5 and 7). It should be mentioned that more than half of the SiO masers are located within 3 kpc of the Sun, as can be seen in Figs 6 and 7, so that the scaleheight of 0.40 kpc we estimated here can be an average scaleheight for O-rich AGBs around 3 kpc from the Sun.
In Fig. 7 we present the locations of these SiO masers in the Galaxy. We identified 42 off-plane sources with Galactic plane distances higher than 1.2 kpc, which are listed in Table 3 and highlighted in Fig. 7. Around 50 per cent of these off-plane SiO maser were found by this survey.
ID . | Source . | RA (2000) . | Dec. (2000) . | VLSR . | Period . | PLR distances . | WISE distances . | Z . | Ref. . |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
. | name . | (h:m:s) . | (d:m:s) . | (km s−1) . | (day) . | (kpc) . | (kpc) . | (kpc) . | . |
1 | G039.912−80.045 | 00 07 36.2 | −25 29 40.0 | 22.9 | 411.000 | 1.39 | 1.43 | −1.37 | 8 |
2 | G248.071−84.665 | 01 11 36.4 | −30 06 29.4 | −10.3 | 333.730 | 1.77 | 2.44 | −1.76 | 1 |
3 | G149.396−46.550 | 02 04 37.7 | 12 31 36.9 | 9.5 | 291.000 | 2.34 | −1.70 | 1 | |
4 | G165.616−40.899 | 02 57 27.5 | 11 18 05.2 | 14.2 | 447.000 | 2.69 | 2.63 | −1.76 | 1, 2 |
5 | G195.025−53.735 | 03 11 53.1 | −11 52 32.4 | 33.2 | 316.700 | 3.07 | 3.33 | −2.48 | 1 |
6 | G180.069−36.185 | 03 43 43.9 | 06 55 30.5 | 58.0 | 343.000 | 3.32 | 4.45 | −1.96 | 1 |
7 | G182.006−35.653 | 03 49 27.7 | +06 04 40.4 | 61.0 | 338.000 | 2.37 | 1.65 | −1.38 | 1 |
8 | G174.233−28.113 | 03 54 23.6 | +16 01 01.9 | 45.5 | 334.500 | 2.70 | 1.96 | −1.27 | 2 |
9 | G195.134−24.895 | 04 50 57.3 | +03 08 32.3 | −13.2 | 358.500 | 2.92 | 1.97 | −1.23 | 2 |
10 | G195.853−23.965 | 04 55 30.3 | +03 04 28.1 | 47.0 | 396.000 | 3.37 | 3.45 | −1.37 | 2 |
11 | G238.258−26.921 | 05 47 58.7 | −33 05 10.9 | 110.8 | 199.300 | 4.21 | 7.27 | −1.91 | 3 |
12 | G179.379+30.743 | 08 05 03.7 | 40 59 08.1 | −9.8 | 3.34 | 1.71 | 1, 4 | ||
13 | G168.980+37.738 | 08 40 49.6 | 50 08 12.1 | −82.9 | 249.040 | 2.33 | 3.40 | 1.43 | 1 |
14 | G190.023+51.458 | 09 53 43.5 | 34 55 32.0 | −11.0 | 233.830 | 2.00 | 1.56 | 5 | |
15 | G261.694+46.256 | 11 01 55.1 | −07 39 41.9 | 32.9 | 263.100 | 3.18 | 2.30 | 1 | |
16 | G170.681+71.517 | 11 41 40.3 | 38 28 29.3 | −56.3 | 252.460 | 3.03 | 3.48 | 2.87 | 3 |
17 | G288.878+34.294 | 11 59 19.1 | −27 09 03.5 | 72.5 | 301.000 | 4.49 | 4.59 | 2.53 | 4 |
18 | G282.845+50.684 | 12 00 20.8 | −10 11 04.9 | −4.3 | 294.765 | 1.69 | 1.70 | 1.31 | 2 |
19 | G248.033+76.318 | 12 04 15.5 | 18 47 00.0 | −4.0 | 1.64 | 1.59 | 5 | ||
20 | G325.570+85.690 | 12 58 38.9 | 23 08 21.1 | 27.0 | 406.000 | 1.84 | 1.88 | 1.83 | 1, 6 |
21 | G315.565+57.522 | 13 18 30.4 | −04 41 05.1 | 72.0 | 278.520 | 1.58 | 2.13 | 1.33 | 1 |
22 | G064.549+76.014 | 13 48 44.7 | 33 43 34.3 | 26.3 | 253.600 | 3.65 | 4.74 | 3.54 | 1 |
23 | G330.755+45.262 | 14 10 21.4 | −13 18 14.8 | 66.8 | 304.105 | 3.17 | 3.02 | 2.25 | 1 |
24 | G356.642+59.618 | 14 28 30.3 | 07 17 37.1 | 37.2 | 306.500 | 1.96 | 1.69 | 1 | |
25 | G339.224+44.663 | 14 32 59.9 | −10 56 03.4 | 69.2 | 375.500 | 3.79 | 3.08 | 2.66 | 1, 4 |
26 | G334.109+36.043 | 14 37 29.1 | −20 19 41.2 | −25.4 | 283.500 | 3.38 | 4.11 | 1.99 | 1 |
27 | G336.532+38.006 | 14 40 22.2 | −17 39 26.9 | 18.1 | 255.650 | 3.05 | 2.71 | 1.88 | 1 |
28 | G340.829+31.460 | 15 08 10.6 | −21 10 00.3 | −3.9 | 229.865 | 3.41 | 3.46 | 1.78 | 1 |
29 | G011.025+53.268 | 15 08 25.8 | 09 36 18.3 | 6.8 | 313.500 | 1.99 | 1.82 | 1.59 | 1, 4 |
20 | G011.025+53.268 | 15 08 25.8 | 09 36 18.4 | −10.2 | 313.500 | 1.99 | 1.82 | 1.59 | 7, 8 |
31 | G066.876+47.996 | 16 05 28.9 | 42 10 29.4 | 0.3 | 1.97 | 1.46 | 4 | ||
32 | G003.227+22.945 | 16 32 24.6 | −13 12 01.3 | −28.4 | 332.000 | 3.83 | 1.49 | 9 | |
33 | G007.656+18.016 | 16 58 46.7 | −12 43 46.9 | −62.7 | 4.79 | 1.48 | 2 | ||
34 | G018.305+21.632 | 17 08 10.3 | −02 20 22.6 | −40.4 | 6.19 | 2.28 | 4 | ||
35 | G008.400−18.623 | 19 19 09.6 | −29 43 18.0 | 33.7 | 6.16 | −1.97 | 7 | ||
36 | G012.358−25.239 | 19 53 21.8 | −28 30 39.0 | −16.7 | 343.000 | 3.62 | 4.42 | −1.54 | 7 |
37 | G019.002−39.495 | 21 02 20.8 | −27 05 14.7 | −51.8 | 277.540 | 2.07 | 1.13 | −1.32 | 1 |
38 | G058.520−26.960 | 21 14 29.6 | 07 48 33.7 | 28.6 | 429.000 | 5.08 | −2.30 | 2 | |
39 | G045.734−38.770 | 21 31 06.5 | −07 34 20.4 | 26.3 | 311.350 | 3.03 | 3.72 | −1.90 | 1 |
40 | G021.513−53.023 | 22 03 45.8 | −28 03 03.3 | −100.8 | 271.350 | 1.91 | 2.47 | −1.53 | 1 |
41 | G019.509−56.308 | 22 18 00.2 | −29 36 13.5 | −29.0 | 294.950 | 1.69 | 1.69 | −1.41 | 1 |
42 | G085.581−67.859 | 23 57 54.1 | −08 57 31.2 | 50.9 | 258.910 | 1.86 | 2.15 | −1.72 | 1 |
ID . | Source . | RA (2000) . | Dec. (2000) . | VLSR . | Period . | PLR distances . | WISE distances . | Z . | Ref. . |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
. | name . | (h:m:s) . | (d:m:s) . | (km s−1) . | (day) . | (kpc) . | (kpc) . | (kpc) . | . |
1 | G039.912−80.045 | 00 07 36.2 | −25 29 40.0 | 22.9 | 411.000 | 1.39 | 1.43 | −1.37 | 8 |
2 | G248.071−84.665 | 01 11 36.4 | −30 06 29.4 | −10.3 | 333.730 | 1.77 | 2.44 | −1.76 | 1 |
3 | G149.396−46.550 | 02 04 37.7 | 12 31 36.9 | 9.5 | 291.000 | 2.34 | −1.70 | 1 | |
4 | G165.616−40.899 | 02 57 27.5 | 11 18 05.2 | 14.2 | 447.000 | 2.69 | 2.63 | −1.76 | 1, 2 |
5 | G195.025−53.735 | 03 11 53.1 | −11 52 32.4 | 33.2 | 316.700 | 3.07 | 3.33 | −2.48 | 1 |
6 | G180.069−36.185 | 03 43 43.9 | 06 55 30.5 | 58.0 | 343.000 | 3.32 | 4.45 | −1.96 | 1 |
7 | G182.006−35.653 | 03 49 27.7 | +06 04 40.4 | 61.0 | 338.000 | 2.37 | 1.65 | −1.38 | 1 |
8 | G174.233−28.113 | 03 54 23.6 | +16 01 01.9 | 45.5 | 334.500 | 2.70 | 1.96 | −1.27 | 2 |
9 | G195.134−24.895 | 04 50 57.3 | +03 08 32.3 | −13.2 | 358.500 | 2.92 | 1.97 | −1.23 | 2 |
10 | G195.853−23.965 | 04 55 30.3 | +03 04 28.1 | 47.0 | 396.000 | 3.37 | 3.45 | −1.37 | 2 |
11 | G238.258−26.921 | 05 47 58.7 | −33 05 10.9 | 110.8 | 199.300 | 4.21 | 7.27 | −1.91 | 3 |
12 | G179.379+30.743 | 08 05 03.7 | 40 59 08.1 | −9.8 | 3.34 | 1.71 | 1, 4 | ||
13 | G168.980+37.738 | 08 40 49.6 | 50 08 12.1 | −82.9 | 249.040 | 2.33 | 3.40 | 1.43 | 1 |
14 | G190.023+51.458 | 09 53 43.5 | 34 55 32.0 | −11.0 | 233.830 | 2.00 | 1.56 | 5 | |
15 | G261.694+46.256 | 11 01 55.1 | −07 39 41.9 | 32.9 | 263.100 | 3.18 | 2.30 | 1 | |
16 | G170.681+71.517 | 11 41 40.3 | 38 28 29.3 | −56.3 | 252.460 | 3.03 | 3.48 | 2.87 | 3 |
17 | G288.878+34.294 | 11 59 19.1 | −27 09 03.5 | 72.5 | 301.000 | 4.49 | 4.59 | 2.53 | 4 |
18 | G282.845+50.684 | 12 00 20.8 | −10 11 04.9 | −4.3 | 294.765 | 1.69 | 1.70 | 1.31 | 2 |
19 | G248.033+76.318 | 12 04 15.5 | 18 47 00.0 | −4.0 | 1.64 | 1.59 | 5 | ||
20 | G325.570+85.690 | 12 58 38.9 | 23 08 21.1 | 27.0 | 406.000 | 1.84 | 1.88 | 1.83 | 1, 6 |
21 | G315.565+57.522 | 13 18 30.4 | −04 41 05.1 | 72.0 | 278.520 | 1.58 | 2.13 | 1.33 | 1 |
22 | G064.549+76.014 | 13 48 44.7 | 33 43 34.3 | 26.3 | 253.600 | 3.65 | 4.74 | 3.54 | 1 |
23 | G330.755+45.262 | 14 10 21.4 | −13 18 14.8 | 66.8 | 304.105 | 3.17 | 3.02 | 2.25 | 1 |
24 | G356.642+59.618 | 14 28 30.3 | 07 17 37.1 | 37.2 | 306.500 | 1.96 | 1.69 | 1 | |
25 | G339.224+44.663 | 14 32 59.9 | −10 56 03.4 | 69.2 | 375.500 | 3.79 | 3.08 | 2.66 | 1, 4 |
26 | G334.109+36.043 | 14 37 29.1 | −20 19 41.2 | −25.4 | 283.500 | 3.38 | 4.11 | 1.99 | 1 |
27 | G336.532+38.006 | 14 40 22.2 | −17 39 26.9 | 18.1 | 255.650 | 3.05 | 2.71 | 1.88 | 1 |
28 | G340.829+31.460 | 15 08 10.6 | −21 10 00.3 | −3.9 | 229.865 | 3.41 | 3.46 | 1.78 | 1 |
29 | G011.025+53.268 | 15 08 25.8 | 09 36 18.3 | 6.8 | 313.500 | 1.99 | 1.82 | 1.59 | 1, 4 |
20 | G011.025+53.268 | 15 08 25.8 | 09 36 18.4 | −10.2 | 313.500 | 1.99 | 1.82 | 1.59 | 7, 8 |
31 | G066.876+47.996 | 16 05 28.9 | 42 10 29.4 | 0.3 | 1.97 | 1.46 | 4 | ||
32 | G003.227+22.945 | 16 32 24.6 | −13 12 01.3 | −28.4 | 332.000 | 3.83 | 1.49 | 9 | |
33 | G007.656+18.016 | 16 58 46.7 | −12 43 46.9 | −62.7 | 4.79 | 1.48 | 2 | ||
34 | G018.305+21.632 | 17 08 10.3 | −02 20 22.6 | −40.4 | 6.19 | 2.28 | 4 | ||
35 | G008.400−18.623 | 19 19 09.6 | −29 43 18.0 | 33.7 | 6.16 | −1.97 | 7 | ||
36 | G012.358−25.239 | 19 53 21.8 | −28 30 39.0 | −16.7 | 343.000 | 3.62 | 4.42 | −1.54 | 7 |
37 | G019.002−39.495 | 21 02 20.8 | −27 05 14.7 | −51.8 | 277.540 | 2.07 | 1.13 | −1.32 | 1 |
38 | G058.520−26.960 | 21 14 29.6 | 07 48 33.7 | 28.6 | 429.000 | 5.08 | −2.30 | 2 | |
39 | G045.734−38.770 | 21 31 06.5 | −07 34 20.4 | 26.3 | 311.350 | 3.03 | 3.72 | −1.90 | 1 |
40 | G021.513−53.023 | 22 03 45.8 | −28 03 03.3 | −100.8 | 271.350 | 1.91 | 2.47 | −1.53 | 1 |
41 | G019.509−56.308 | 22 18 00.2 | −29 36 13.5 | −29.0 | 294.950 | 1.69 | 1.69 | −1.41 | 1 |
42 | G085.581−67.859 | 23 57 54.1 | −08 57 31.2 | 50.9 | 258.910 | 1.86 | 2.15 | −1.72 | 1 |
Note: column 1 shows IDs of sources; column 2 Galactic-coordinate notated source names; columns 3 and 4 equatorial coordinates; column 5 VLSR; column 6 periods of variables; columns 7 and 8 PLR and WISE distances; column 9 off-plane distances; column 10 denotes references.
ID . | Source . | RA (2000) . | Dec. (2000) . | VLSR . | Period . | PLR distances . | WISE distances . | Z . | Ref. . |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
. | name . | (h:m:s) . | (d:m:s) . | (km s−1) . | (day) . | (kpc) . | (kpc) . | (kpc) . | . |
1 | G039.912−80.045 | 00 07 36.2 | −25 29 40.0 | 22.9 | 411.000 | 1.39 | 1.43 | −1.37 | 8 |
2 | G248.071−84.665 | 01 11 36.4 | −30 06 29.4 | −10.3 | 333.730 | 1.77 | 2.44 | −1.76 | 1 |
3 | G149.396−46.550 | 02 04 37.7 | 12 31 36.9 | 9.5 | 291.000 | 2.34 | −1.70 | 1 | |
4 | G165.616−40.899 | 02 57 27.5 | 11 18 05.2 | 14.2 | 447.000 | 2.69 | 2.63 | −1.76 | 1, 2 |
5 | G195.025−53.735 | 03 11 53.1 | −11 52 32.4 | 33.2 | 316.700 | 3.07 | 3.33 | −2.48 | 1 |
6 | G180.069−36.185 | 03 43 43.9 | 06 55 30.5 | 58.0 | 343.000 | 3.32 | 4.45 | −1.96 | 1 |
7 | G182.006−35.653 | 03 49 27.7 | +06 04 40.4 | 61.0 | 338.000 | 2.37 | 1.65 | −1.38 | 1 |
8 | G174.233−28.113 | 03 54 23.6 | +16 01 01.9 | 45.5 | 334.500 | 2.70 | 1.96 | −1.27 | 2 |
9 | G195.134−24.895 | 04 50 57.3 | +03 08 32.3 | −13.2 | 358.500 | 2.92 | 1.97 | −1.23 | 2 |
10 | G195.853−23.965 | 04 55 30.3 | +03 04 28.1 | 47.0 | 396.000 | 3.37 | 3.45 | −1.37 | 2 |
11 | G238.258−26.921 | 05 47 58.7 | −33 05 10.9 | 110.8 | 199.300 | 4.21 | 7.27 | −1.91 | 3 |
12 | G179.379+30.743 | 08 05 03.7 | 40 59 08.1 | −9.8 | 3.34 | 1.71 | 1, 4 | ||
13 | G168.980+37.738 | 08 40 49.6 | 50 08 12.1 | −82.9 | 249.040 | 2.33 | 3.40 | 1.43 | 1 |
14 | G190.023+51.458 | 09 53 43.5 | 34 55 32.0 | −11.0 | 233.830 | 2.00 | 1.56 | 5 | |
15 | G261.694+46.256 | 11 01 55.1 | −07 39 41.9 | 32.9 | 263.100 | 3.18 | 2.30 | 1 | |
16 | G170.681+71.517 | 11 41 40.3 | 38 28 29.3 | −56.3 | 252.460 | 3.03 | 3.48 | 2.87 | 3 |
17 | G288.878+34.294 | 11 59 19.1 | −27 09 03.5 | 72.5 | 301.000 | 4.49 | 4.59 | 2.53 | 4 |
18 | G282.845+50.684 | 12 00 20.8 | −10 11 04.9 | −4.3 | 294.765 | 1.69 | 1.70 | 1.31 | 2 |
19 | G248.033+76.318 | 12 04 15.5 | 18 47 00.0 | −4.0 | 1.64 | 1.59 | 5 | ||
20 | G325.570+85.690 | 12 58 38.9 | 23 08 21.1 | 27.0 | 406.000 | 1.84 | 1.88 | 1.83 | 1, 6 |
21 | G315.565+57.522 | 13 18 30.4 | −04 41 05.1 | 72.0 | 278.520 | 1.58 | 2.13 | 1.33 | 1 |
22 | G064.549+76.014 | 13 48 44.7 | 33 43 34.3 | 26.3 | 253.600 | 3.65 | 4.74 | 3.54 | 1 |
23 | G330.755+45.262 | 14 10 21.4 | −13 18 14.8 | 66.8 | 304.105 | 3.17 | 3.02 | 2.25 | 1 |
24 | G356.642+59.618 | 14 28 30.3 | 07 17 37.1 | 37.2 | 306.500 | 1.96 | 1.69 | 1 | |
25 | G339.224+44.663 | 14 32 59.9 | −10 56 03.4 | 69.2 | 375.500 | 3.79 | 3.08 | 2.66 | 1, 4 |
26 | G334.109+36.043 | 14 37 29.1 | −20 19 41.2 | −25.4 | 283.500 | 3.38 | 4.11 | 1.99 | 1 |
27 | G336.532+38.006 | 14 40 22.2 | −17 39 26.9 | 18.1 | 255.650 | 3.05 | 2.71 | 1.88 | 1 |
28 | G340.829+31.460 | 15 08 10.6 | −21 10 00.3 | −3.9 | 229.865 | 3.41 | 3.46 | 1.78 | 1 |
29 | G011.025+53.268 | 15 08 25.8 | 09 36 18.3 | 6.8 | 313.500 | 1.99 | 1.82 | 1.59 | 1, 4 |
20 | G011.025+53.268 | 15 08 25.8 | 09 36 18.4 | −10.2 | 313.500 | 1.99 | 1.82 | 1.59 | 7, 8 |
31 | G066.876+47.996 | 16 05 28.9 | 42 10 29.4 | 0.3 | 1.97 | 1.46 | 4 | ||
32 | G003.227+22.945 | 16 32 24.6 | −13 12 01.3 | −28.4 | 332.000 | 3.83 | 1.49 | 9 | |
33 | G007.656+18.016 | 16 58 46.7 | −12 43 46.9 | −62.7 | 4.79 | 1.48 | 2 | ||
34 | G018.305+21.632 | 17 08 10.3 | −02 20 22.6 | −40.4 | 6.19 | 2.28 | 4 | ||
35 | G008.400−18.623 | 19 19 09.6 | −29 43 18.0 | 33.7 | 6.16 | −1.97 | 7 | ||
36 | G012.358−25.239 | 19 53 21.8 | −28 30 39.0 | −16.7 | 343.000 | 3.62 | 4.42 | −1.54 | 7 |
37 | G019.002−39.495 | 21 02 20.8 | −27 05 14.7 | −51.8 | 277.540 | 2.07 | 1.13 | −1.32 | 1 |
38 | G058.520−26.960 | 21 14 29.6 | 07 48 33.7 | 28.6 | 429.000 | 5.08 | −2.30 | 2 | |
39 | G045.734−38.770 | 21 31 06.5 | −07 34 20.4 | 26.3 | 311.350 | 3.03 | 3.72 | −1.90 | 1 |
40 | G021.513−53.023 | 22 03 45.8 | −28 03 03.3 | −100.8 | 271.350 | 1.91 | 2.47 | −1.53 | 1 |
41 | G019.509−56.308 | 22 18 00.2 | −29 36 13.5 | −29.0 | 294.950 | 1.69 | 1.69 | −1.41 | 1 |
42 | G085.581−67.859 | 23 57 54.1 | −08 57 31.2 | 50.9 | 258.910 | 1.86 | 2.15 | −1.72 | 1 |
ID . | Source . | RA (2000) . | Dec. (2000) . | VLSR . | Period . | PLR distances . | WISE distances . | Z . | Ref. . |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
. | name . | (h:m:s) . | (d:m:s) . | (km s−1) . | (day) . | (kpc) . | (kpc) . | (kpc) . | . |
1 | G039.912−80.045 | 00 07 36.2 | −25 29 40.0 | 22.9 | 411.000 | 1.39 | 1.43 | −1.37 | 8 |
2 | G248.071−84.665 | 01 11 36.4 | −30 06 29.4 | −10.3 | 333.730 | 1.77 | 2.44 | −1.76 | 1 |
3 | G149.396−46.550 | 02 04 37.7 | 12 31 36.9 | 9.5 | 291.000 | 2.34 | −1.70 | 1 | |
4 | G165.616−40.899 | 02 57 27.5 | 11 18 05.2 | 14.2 | 447.000 | 2.69 | 2.63 | −1.76 | 1, 2 |
5 | G195.025−53.735 | 03 11 53.1 | −11 52 32.4 | 33.2 | 316.700 | 3.07 | 3.33 | −2.48 | 1 |
6 | G180.069−36.185 | 03 43 43.9 | 06 55 30.5 | 58.0 | 343.000 | 3.32 | 4.45 | −1.96 | 1 |
7 | G182.006−35.653 | 03 49 27.7 | +06 04 40.4 | 61.0 | 338.000 | 2.37 | 1.65 | −1.38 | 1 |
8 | G174.233−28.113 | 03 54 23.6 | +16 01 01.9 | 45.5 | 334.500 | 2.70 | 1.96 | −1.27 | 2 |
9 | G195.134−24.895 | 04 50 57.3 | +03 08 32.3 | −13.2 | 358.500 | 2.92 | 1.97 | −1.23 | 2 |
10 | G195.853−23.965 | 04 55 30.3 | +03 04 28.1 | 47.0 | 396.000 | 3.37 | 3.45 | −1.37 | 2 |
11 | G238.258−26.921 | 05 47 58.7 | −33 05 10.9 | 110.8 | 199.300 | 4.21 | 7.27 | −1.91 | 3 |
12 | G179.379+30.743 | 08 05 03.7 | 40 59 08.1 | −9.8 | 3.34 | 1.71 | 1, 4 | ||
13 | G168.980+37.738 | 08 40 49.6 | 50 08 12.1 | −82.9 | 249.040 | 2.33 | 3.40 | 1.43 | 1 |
14 | G190.023+51.458 | 09 53 43.5 | 34 55 32.0 | −11.0 | 233.830 | 2.00 | 1.56 | 5 | |
15 | G261.694+46.256 | 11 01 55.1 | −07 39 41.9 | 32.9 | 263.100 | 3.18 | 2.30 | 1 | |
16 | G170.681+71.517 | 11 41 40.3 | 38 28 29.3 | −56.3 | 252.460 | 3.03 | 3.48 | 2.87 | 3 |
17 | G288.878+34.294 | 11 59 19.1 | −27 09 03.5 | 72.5 | 301.000 | 4.49 | 4.59 | 2.53 | 4 |
18 | G282.845+50.684 | 12 00 20.8 | −10 11 04.9 | −4.3 | 294.765 | 1.69 | 1.70 | 1.31 | 2 |
19 | G248.033+76.318 | 12 04 15.5 | 18 47 00.0 | −4.0 | 1.64 | 1.59 | 5 | ||
20 | G325.570+85.690 | 12 58 38.9 | 23 08 21.1 | 27.0 | 406.000 | 1.84 | 1.88 | 1.83 | 1, 6 |
21 | G315.565+57.522 | 13 18 30.4 | −04 41 05.1 | 72.0 | 278.520 | 1.58 | 2.13 | 1.33 | 1 |
22 | G064.549+76.014 | 13 48 44.7 | 33 43 34.3 | 26.3 | 253.600 | 3.65 | 4.74 | 3.54 | 1 |
23 | G330.755+45.262 | 14 10 21.4 | −13 18 14.8 | 66.8 | 304.105 | 3.17 | 3.02 | 2.25 | 1 |
24 | G356.642+59.618 | 14 28 30.3 | 07 17 37.1 | 37.2 | 306.500 | 1.96 | 1.69 | 1 | |
25 | G339.224+44.663 | 14 32 59.9 | −10 56 03.4 | 69.2 | 375.500 | 3.79 | 3.08 | 2.66 | 1, 4 |
26 | G334.109+36.043 | 14 37 29.1 | −20 19 41.2 | −25.4 | 283.500 | 3.38 | 4.11 | 1.99 | 1 |
27 | G336.532+38.006 | 14 40 22.2 | −17 39 26.9 | 18.1 | 255.650 | 3.05 | 2.71 | 1.88 | 1 |
28 | G340.829+31.460 | 15 08 10.6 | −21 10 00.3 | −3.9 | 229.865 | 3.41 | 3.46 | 1.78 | 1 |
29 | G011.025+53.268 | 15 08 25.8 | 09 36 18.3 | 6.8 | 313.500 | 1.99 | 1.82 | 1.59 | 1, 4 |
20 | G011.025+53.268 | 15 08 25.8 | 09 36 18.4 | −10.2 | 313.500 | 1.99 | 1.82 | 1.59 | 7, 8 |
31 | G066.876+47.996 | 16 05 28.9 | 42 10 29.4 | 0.3 | 1.97 | 1.46 | 4 | ||
32 | G003.227+22.945 | 16 32 24.6 | −13 12 01.3 | −28.4 | 332.000 | 3.83 | 1.49 | 9 | |
33 | G007.656+18.016 | 16 58 46.7 | −12 43 46.9 | −62.7 | 4.79 | 1.48 | 2 | ||
34 | G018.305+21.632 | 17 08 10.3 | −02 20 22.6 | −40.4 | 6.19 | 2.28 | 4 | ||
35 | G008.400−18.623 | 19 19 09.6 | −29 43 18.0 | 33.7 | 6.16 | −1.97 | 7 | ||
36 | G012.358−25.239 | 19 53 21.8 | −28 30 39.0 | −16.7 | 343.000 | 3.62 | 4.42 | −1.54 | 7 |
37 | G019.002−39.495 | 21 02 20.8 | −27 05 14.7 | −51.8 | 277.540 | 2.07 | 1.13 | −1.32 | 1 |
38 | G058.520−26.960 | 21 14 29.6 | 07 48 33.7 | 28.6 | 429.000 | 5.08 | −2.30 | 2 | |
39 | G045.734−38.770 | 21 31 06.5 | −07 34 20.4 | 26.3 | 311.350 | 3.03 | 3.72 | −1.90 | 1 |
40 | G021.513−53.023 | 22 03 45.8 | −28 03 03.3 | −100.8 | 271.350 | 1.91 | 2.47 | −1.53 | 1 |
41 | G019.509−56.308 | 22 18 00.2 | −29 36 13.5 | −29.0 | 294.950 | 1.69 | 1.69 | −1.41 | 1 |
42 | G085.581−67.859 | 23 57 54.1 | −08 57 31.2 | 50.9 | 258.910 | 1.86 | 2.15 | −1.72 | 1 |
Note: column 1 shows IDs of sources; column 2 Galactic-coordinate notated source names; columns 3 and 4 equatorial coordinates; column 5 VLSR; column 6 periods of variables; columns 7 and 8 PLR and WISE distances; column 9 off-plane distances; column 10 denotes references.
4.2 Kinematics
The Galactic distribution shown in Fig. 7 indicates that the majority of Galactic SiO maser sources are within the Galactic disc. Regarding the off-plane SiO sources listed in Table 3, we test in this section whether these are halo/stream stars or thick-disc stars, based on comparison of their line-of-sight velocities with those predicted by disc star models.
For disc stars, it is well known that late-type stars with higher velocity dispersions tend to have lower Galactocentric rotational speeds. This phenomenon is called ‘asymmetric drift’ (Dehnen & Binney 1998). Pasetto et al. (2012) studied the kinematics of thick disc stars as part of the RAdial Velocity Experiment (RAVE) and derived a rotational lag of 49±6 km s−1 with respect to the LSR. Tian et al. (2015) determined the Solar motion using LAMOST DR1 data and found a ∼3 km s−1 asymmetric motion of stars with Teff <6000 K with respect to stars with Teff >6000 K. Before investigating the kinematics of off-plane sources, we first studied the circular rotational speed and asymmetric drift of disc O-rich Miras.
The deprojection method is a useful method to study Galactic kinematics using radial velocity data (Pasetto et al. 2012; Tian et al. 2015). Here we used a similar deprojection method to model the VLSR of SiO masers. The definitions of variables used in kinematic analysis are given in Table 4. A sketch of the deprojection is shown in Fig. 8, where blue and black arrows are velocity vectors of the star (|${\boldsymbol {V_{\star }}}$|) and the Sun (|$\boldsymbol {V_{{\odot }}}$|) with respect to the Galactic Centre. The line-of-sight velocity of the star towards the Sun, Vhelio, denoted by the red arrow, is the projection of (|${\boldsymbol {V_{\star }}}$|-|$\boldsymbol {V_{{\odot }}}$|) on |${\boldsymbol {r_{\star }}}$|, where |${\boldsymbol {r_{\star }}}$| is the direction vector from the Sun towards the star (equation 1). The observed VLSR can be converted to Vhelio by adding back the component of standard Solar motion in the line-of-sight direction that had been removed from the observed Doppler shift to calculate VLSR using equation (2), where (U|$^{\rm Std}_{\odot }$|, V|$^{\rm Std}_{\odot }$|, W|$^{\rm Std}_{\odot }$|) are not the best values available today, but the (old) standard Solar motion, a value of 20 km s−1 towards α(1900) = 18 h, δ(1900) = +30 d generally adopted by observatories (Reid et al. 2014). In this study, for values of Solar motion and Galactic parameters we adopted the A5 model from Reid et al. (2014), where (U⊙, V⊙,W⊙)= (10.7±1.8, 15.6±6.8, 8.9±0.9) km s−1, Θ0 = 240±8 km s−1 and R0 = 8.34 kpc.
Variable . | Definition . |
---|---|
D | heliocentric distance |
R | Galactocentric distance |
X, Y, Z | Galactocentric Cartesian coordinates |
R0 | Galactocentric radius of the Sun |
Θ0 | rotation velocity of the LSR around the Galactic Centre |
U⊙, V⊙, W⊙, | velocity of the Sun with respect to the LSR |
Θ | mean rotation velocity of stars around the Galactic Centre |
|$\overline{U_{\rm s}}$|, |$\overline{V_{\rm s}}$|, |$\overline{W_{\rm s}}$| | peculiar (non-circular) motion of stars in cylindrical Galactocentric coordinates |
VLSR | line-of-sight velocity of stars with respect to the LSR |
Vhelio | heliocentric line-of-sight velocity of stars |
Vobs | observed heliocentric line-of-sight velocity of stars |
Vmodel | heliocentric line-of-sight velocity of stars calculated by model |
S | dispersion of heliocentric line-of-sight velocity (equation 3) |
Variable . | Definition . |
---|---|
D | heliocentric distance |
R | Galactocentric distance |
X, Y, Z | Galactocentric Cartesian coordinates |
R0 | Galactocentric radius of the Sun |
Θ0 | rotation velocity of the LSR around the Galactic Centre |
U⊙, V⊙, W⊙, | velocity of the Sun with respect to the LSR |
Θ | mean rotation velocity of stars around the Galactic Centre |
|$\overline{U_{\rm s}}$|, |$\overline{V_{\rm s}}$|, |$\overline{W_{\rm s}}$| | peculiar (non-circular) motion of stars in cylindrical Galactocentric coordinates |
VLSR | line-of-sight velocity of stars with respect to the LSR |
Vhelio | heliocentric line-of-sight velocity of stars |
Vobs | observed heliocentric line-of-sight velocity of stars |
Vmodel | heliocentric line-of-sight velocity of stars calculated by model |
S | dispersion of heliocentric line-of-sight velocity (equation 3) |
Variable . | Definition . |
---|---|
D | heliocentric distance |
R | Galactocentric distance |
X, Y, Z | Galactocentric Cartesian coordinates |
R0 | Galactocentric radius of the Sun |
Θ0 | rotation velocity of the LSR around the Galactic Centre |
U⊙, V⊙, W⊙, | velocity of the Sun with respect to the LSR |
Θ | mean rotation velocity of stars around the Galactic Centre |
|$\overline{U_{\rm s}}$|, |$\overline{V_{\rm s}}$|, |$\overline{W_{\rm s}}$| | peculiar (non-circular) motion of stars in cylindrical Galactocentric coordinates |
VLSR | line-of-sight velocity of stars with respect to the LSR |
Vhelio | heliocentric line-of-sight velocity of stars |
Vobs | observed heliocentric line-of-sight velocity of stars |
Vmodel | heliocentric line-of-sight velocity of stars calculated by model |
S | dispersion of heliocentric line-of-sight velocity (equation 3) |
Variable . | Definition . |
---|---|
D | heliocentric distance |
R | Galactocentric distance |
X, Y, Z | Galactocentric Cartesian coordinates |
R0 | Galactocentric radius of the Sun |
Θ0 | rotation velocity of the LSR around the Galactic Centre |
U⊙, V⊙, W⊙, | velocity of the Sun with respect to the LSR |
Θ | mean rotation velocity of stars around the Galactic Centre |
|$\overline{U_{\rm s}}$|, |$\overline{V_{\rm s}}$|, |$\overline{W_{\rm s}}$| | peculiar (non-circular) motion of stars in cylindrical Galactocentric coordinates |
VLSR | line-of-sight velocity of stars with respect to the LSR |
Vhelio | heliocentric line-of-sight velocity of stars |
Vobs | observed heliocentric line-of-sight velocity of stars |
Vmodel | heliocentric line-of-sight velocity of stars calculated by model |
S | dispersion of heliocentric line-of-sight velocity (equation 3) |
A program3 was developed for investigating kinematics with (l, b, D, VLSR) of a group of stars as inputs and (S, |$\overline{U_{\rm s}}$|, Θ+|$\overline{V_{\rm s}}$|, |$\overline{W_{\rm s}}$|) of the group as outputs. S denotes the dispersion of the line-of-sight velocity, which is expressed in equation (3). We used the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method in the procedure to minimize the dispersion and estimate the uncertainties of (S, |$\overline{U_{\rm s}}$|, Θ+|$\overline{V_{\rm s}}$|, |$\overline{W_{\rm s}}$|). We first calculate a prior S, by using a prior of (|$\overline{U_{\rm s}}$|, Θ+|$\overline{V_{\rm s}}$|, |$\overline{W_{\rm s}}$|)=(0, 220, 0) km s−1. Then we let (|$\overline{U_{\rm s}}$|, Θ+|$\overline{V_{\rm s}}$|, |$\overline{W_{\rm s}}$|) walk randomly in a sampling window of (30, 30, 30) km s−1 to calculate a posterior S until we find a better solution of (|$\overline{U_{\rm s}}$|, Θ+|$\overline{V_{\rm s}}$|, |$\overline{W_{\rm s}}$|) with smaller S. Once a better solution is found, we use these values to replace the prior and resample again to search for better solutions. Usually, S can converge within 10 interations. When S converges, (|$\overline{U_{\rm s}}$|, Θ+|$\overline{V_{\rm s}}$|, |$\overline{W_{\rm s}}$|) and S are recorded and the program stops. We repeat the above steps 10 000 times and estimate the mean and standard deviation of (|$\overline{U_{\rm s}}$|, Θ+|$\overline{V_{\rm s}}$|, |$\overline{W_{\rm s}}$|) and S as the final outputs.
Using this procedure, we obtained the values of Θ+|$\overline{V_{\rm s}}$| = 225.6 km s−1, S = 34.1 km s−1 for disc sources with D < 1.2 kpc and Θ+|$\overline{V_{\rm s}}$| = 185.4 km s−1, S = 41.3 km s−1 for off-plane (Z > 1.2 kpc) sources. Adopting Θ0 = 240 km s−1, the velocity lags of disc and off-plane SiO masers with respect to the LSR are 15 and 55 km s−1, respectively.
4.3 Moving groups and high-speed stars
With the aim of identifying potential stream motions and/or high-speed sources, we further apply this procedure to a series of (R, Z) binned subsamples. The ranges of (R, Z) bins are given in Table 5. Regarding the group strategy, we initially separated R > 9 and R < 9 sources into two groups, since (1) sources are not uniformly distributed in the Galactic plane; there are fewer sources outside R > 9 kpc and (2) there are relatively large uncertainties in the rotation curve at R > 9 kpc (Nakashima et al. 2000; Demers & Battinelli 2007; Xin & Zheng 2013). We only consider sources with R > 5 kpc, since (1) the kinematics in the inner disc could not be well modelled by circular motions, due to the influence of the Galactic bar, and (2) distance uncertainties for sources with R < 5 kpc tend to be high (Figs 5 and 7).
Z (kpc) . | R (kpc) . | Number . | S . | |$\Theta +\overline{V_{\rm s}}$| . | |$\overline{U_{\rm s}}$| . | |$\overline{W_{\rm s}}$| . | ID . |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
. | . | . | ( km s−1) . | ( km s−1) . | ( km s−1) . | ( km s−1) . | . |
−0.1 <Z < +0.1 | +5.0 <R < +9.0 | 192 | +44.8 ± 1.1 | +236.7 ± 7.6 | −9.6 ± 6.2 | +3.9 ± 10.7 | |
−0.3 <Z < -0.1 | +5.0 <R < +9.0 | 82 | +36.6 ± 0.7 | +225.2 ± 6.1 | +6.7 ± 6.2 | −7.8 ± 8.6 | |
+0.1 <Z < +0.3 | +5.0 <R < +9.0 | 100 | +34.4 ± 0.6 | +215.4 ± 5.6 | +3.1 ± 6.5 | +7.6 ± 8.5 | |
−0.5 <Z < -0.3 | +5.0 <R < +9.0 | 47 | +31.9 ± 0.9 | +220.1 ± 5.3 | −4.7 ± 7.0 | −15.3 ± 7.3 | |
+0.3 <Z < +0.5 | +5.0 <R < +9.0 | 67 | +37.4 ± 1.0 | +217.1 ± 6.6 | −13.8 ± 5.7 | +10.1 ± 8.3 | |
−0.8 <Z < -0.5 | +5.0 <R < +9.0 | 33 | +36.4 ± 0.7 | +217.4 ± 6.7 | −11.9 ± 6.0 | −5.3 ± 7.7 | |
+0.5 <Z < +0.8 | +5.0 <R < +9.0 | 56 | +35.2 ± 1.0 | +213.3 ± 6.5 | −11.4 ± 6.5 | +1.1 ± 7.7 | |
+0.8 <Z < +1.4 | +5.0 <R < +9.0 | 34 | +39.8 ± 0.6 | +208.5 ± 7.7 | −2.8 ± 6.9 | +2.0 ± 7.2 | |
−1.4 <Z < -0.8 | +5.0 <R < +9.0 | 23 | +34.5 ± 1.6 | +225.7 ± 8.3 | −4.8 ± 6.8 | +18.9 ± 6.4 | 3 |
+1.4 <Z < +2.5 | +5.0 <R < +9.0 | 20 | +33.3 ± 3.8 | +189.9 ± 8.9 | −12.2 ± 7.9 | +33.6 ± 5.9 | A |
−0.1 <Z < +0.1 | +9.0 <R < +15.0 | 32 | +24.5 ± 0.9 | +209.8 ± 6.5 | −5.1 ± 4.2 | −4.1 ± 11.1 | |
+0.1 <Z < +0.3 | +9.0 <R < +15.0 | 24 | +25.7 ± 1.0 | +213.0 ± 6.2 | +7.3 ± 5.0 | +3.1 ± 12.6 | |
−0.3 <Z < -0.1 | +9.0 <R < +15.0 | 21 | +24.1 ± 0.8 | +214.5 ± 6.0 | +2.9 ± 4.8 | −36.5 ± 19.1 | |
+0.3 <Z < +0.5 | +9.0 <R < +15.0 | 19 | +30.1 ± 2.3 | +214.3 ± 8.1 | +35.1 ± 11.9 | +112.3 ± 31.8 | 1 |
−0.5 <Z < -0.3 | +9.0 <R < +15.0 | 19 | +35.5 ± 1.1 | +190.8 ± 8.3 | +17.2 ± 6.5 | −33.6 ± 17.8 | |
+0.5 <Z < +0.8 | +9.0 <R < +15.0 | 23 | +35.2 ± 1.7 | +235.5 ± 7.0 | −9.4 ± 6.3 | +9.4 ± 10.2 | |
−0.8 <Z < -0.5 | +9.0 <R < +15.0 | 12 | +29.6 ± 5.7 | +199.6 ± 7.3 | −71.5 ± 9.6 | +175.3 ± 21.8 | 2 |
−0.8 <Z < -0.3 | +9.0 <R < +15.0 | 27 | +36.1 ± 0.9 | +201.1 ± 7.8 | −2.9 ± 5.5 | +33.6 ± 10.6 | |
+0.3 <Z < +0.8 | +9.0 <R < +15.0 | 38 | +32.4 ± 0.8 | +227.8 ± 7.0 | +13.4 ± 6.8 | +43.7 ± 14.0 | C |
−2.0 <Z < -0.8 | +9.0 <R < +15.0 | 18 | +39.7 ± 2.3 | +176.0 ± 13.0 | +25.2 ± 9.3 | −54.3 ± 11.0 | B |
+0.8 <Z < +2.0 | +9.0 <R < +15.0 | 15 | +31.7 ± 3.1 | +219.8 ± 8.3 | +16.1 ± 7.3 | −21.3 ± 8.3 |
Z (kpc) . | R (kpc) . | Number . | S . | |$\Theta +\overline{V_{\rm s}}$| . | |$\overline{U_{\rm s}}$| . | |$\overline{W_{\rm s}}$| . | ID . |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
. | . | . | ( km s−1) . | ( km s−1) . | ( km s−1) . | ( km s−1) . | . |
−0.1 <Z < +0.1 | +5.0 <R < +9.0 | 192 | +44.8 ± 1.1 | +236.7 ± 7.6 | −9.6 ± 6.2 | +3.9 ± 10.7 | |
−0.3 <Z < -0.1 | +5.0 <R < +9.0 | 82 | +36.6 ± 0.7 | +225.2 ± 6.1 | +6.7 ± 6.2 | −7.8 ± 8.6 | |
+0.1 <Z < +0.3 | +5.0 <R < +9.0 | 100 | +34.4 ± 0.6 | +215.4 ± 5.6 | +3.1 ± 6.5 | +7.6 ± 8.5 | |
−0.5 <Z < -0.3 | +5.0 <R < +9.0 | 47 | +31.9 ± 0.9 | +220.1 ± 5.3 | −4.7 ± 7.0 | −15.3 ± 7.3 | |
+0.3 <Z < +0.5 | +5.0 <R < +9.0 | 67 | +37.4 ± 1.0 | +217.1 ± 6.6 | −13.8 ± 5.7 | +10.1 ± 8.3 | |
−0.8 <Z < -0.5 | +5.0 <R < +9.0 | 33 | +36.4 ± 0.7 | +217.4 ± 6.7 | −11.9 ± 6.0 | −5.3 ± 7.7 | |
+0.5 <Z < +0.8 | +5.0 <R < +9.0 | 56 | +35.2 ± 1.0 | +213.3 ± 6.5 | −11.4 ± 6.5 | +1.1 ± 7.7 | |
+0.8 <Z < +1.4 | +5.0 <R < +9.0 | 34 | +39.8 ± 0.6 | +208.5 ± 7.7 | −2.8 ± 6.9 | +2.0 ± 7.2 | |
−1.4 <Z < -0.8 | +5.0 <R < +9.0 | 23 | +34.5 ± 1.6 | +225.7 ± 8.3 | −4.8 ± 6.8 | +18.9 ± 6.4 | 3 |
+1.4 <Z < +2.5 | +5.0 <R < +9.0 | 20 | +33.3 ± 3.8 | +189.9 ± 8.9 | −12.2 ± 7.9 | +33.6 ± 5.9 | A |
−0.1 <Z < +0.1 | +9.0 <R < +15.0 | 32 | +24.5 ± 0.9 | +209.8 ± 6.5 | −5.1 ± 4.2 | −4.1 ± 11.1 | |
+0.1 <Z < +0.3 | +9.0 <R < +15.0 | 24 | +25.7 ± 1.0 | +213.0 ± 6.2 | +7.3 ± 5.0 | +3.1 ± 12.6 | |
−0.3 <Z < -0.1 | +9.0 <R < +15.0 | 21 | +24.1 ± 0.8 | +214.5 ± 6.0 | +2.9 ± 4.8 | −36.5 ± 19.1 | |
+0.3 <Z < +0.5 | +9.0 <R < +15.0 | 19 | +30.1 ± 2.3 | +214.3 ± 8.1 | +35.1 ± 11.9 | +112.3 ± 31.8 | 1 |
−0.5 <Z < -0.3 | +9.0 <R < +15.0 | 19 | +35.5 ± 1.1 | +190.8 ± 8.3 | +17.2 ± 6.5 | −33.6 ± 17.8 | |
+0.5 <Z < +0.8 | +9.0 <R < +15.0 | 23 | +35.2 ± 1.7 | +235.5 ± 7.0 | −9.4 ± 6.3 | +9.4 ± 10.2 | |
−0.8 <Z < -0.5 | +9.0 <R < +15.0 | 12 | +29.6 ± 5.7 | +199.6 ± 7.3 | −71.5 ± 9.6 | +175.3 ± 21.8 | 2 |
−0.8 <Z < -0.3 | +9.0 <R < +15.0 | 27 | +36.1 ± 0.9 | +201.1 ± 7.8 | −2.9 ± 5.5 | +33.6 ± 10.6 | |
+0.3 <Z < +0.8 | +9.0 <R < +15.0 | 38 | +32.4 ± 0.8 | +227.8 ± 7.0 | +13.4 ± 6.8 | +43.7 ± 14.0 | C |
−2.0 <Z < -0.8 | +9.0 <R < +15.0 | 18 | +39.7 ± 2.3 | +176.0 ± 13.0 | +25.2 ± 9.3 | −54.3 ± 11.0 | B |
+0.8 <Z < +2.0 | +9.0 <R < +15.0 | 15 | +31.7 ± 3.1 | +219.8 ± 8.3 | +16.1 ± 7.3 | −21.3 ± 8.3 |
Notes: columns 1 and 2 are binned ranges of R and Z; column 3 number of sources in R − Z binned regions; columns 4–7 S, |$\overline{U_{\rm s}}$|, Θ+|$\overline{V_{\rm s}}$| and |$\overline{W_{\rm s}}$|. The last column gives IDs of moving groups and high-speed stars.
Z (kpc) . | R (kpc) . | Number . | S . | |$\Theta +\overline{V_{\rm s}}$| . | |$\overline{U_{\rm s}}$| . | |$\overline{W_{\rm s}}$| . | ID . |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
. | . | . | ( km s−1) . | ( km s−1) . | ( km s−1) . | ( km s−1) . | . |
−0.1 <Z < +0.1 | +5.0 <R < +9.0 | 192 | +44.8 ± 1.1 | +236.7 ± 7.6 | −9.6 ± 6.2 | +3.9 ± 10.7 | |
−0.3 <Z < -0.1 | +5.0 <R < +9.0 | 82 | +36.6 ± 0.7 | +225.2 ± 6.1 | +6.7 ± 6.2 | −7.8 ± 8.6 | |
+0.1 <Z < +0.3 | +5.0 <R < +9.0 | 100 | +34.4 ± 0.6 | +215.4 ± 5.6 | +3.1 ± 6.5 | +7.6 ± 8.5 | |
−0.5 <Z < -0.3 | +5.0 <R < +9.0 | 47 | +31.9 ± 0.9 | +220.1 ± 5.3 | −4.7 ± 7.0 | −15.3 ± 7.3 | |
+0.3 <Z < +0.5 | +5.0 <R < +9.0 | 67 | +37.4 ± 1.0 | +217.1 ± 6.6 | −13.8 ± 5.7 | +10.1 ± 8.3 | |
−0.8 <Z < -0.5 | +5.0 <R < +9.0 | 33 | +36.4 ± 0.7 | +217.4 ± 6.7 | −11.9 ± 6.0 | −5.3 ± 7.7 | |
+0.5 <Z < +0.8 | +5.0 <R < +9.0 | 56 | +35.2 ± 1.0 | +213.3 ± 6.5 | −11.4 ± 6.5 | +1.1 ± 7.7 | |
+0.8 <Z < +1.4 | +5.0 <R < +9.0 | 34 | +39.8 ± 0.6 | +208.5 ± 7.7 | −2.8 ± 6.9 | +2.0 ± 7.2 | |
−1.4 <Z < -0.8 | +5.0 <R < +9.0 | 23 | +34.5 ± 1.6 | +225.7 ± 8.3 | −4.8 ± 6.8 | +18.9 ± 6.4 | 3 |
+1.4 <Z < +2.5 | +5.0 <R < +9.0 | 20 | +33.3 ± 3.8 | +189.9 ± 8.9 | −12.2 ± 7.9 | +33.6 ± 5.9 | A |
−0.1 <Z < +0.1 | +9.0 <R < +15.0 | 32 | +24.5 ± 0.9 | +209.8 ± 6.5 | −5.1 ± 4.2 | −4.1 ± 11.1 | |
+0.1 <Z < +0.3 | +9.0 <R < +15.0 | 24 | +25.7 ± 1.0 | +213.0 ± 6.2 | +7.3 ± 5.0 | +3.1 ± 12.6 | |
−0.3 <Z < -0.1 | +9.0 <R < +15.0 | 21 | +24.1 ± 0.8 | +214.5 ± 6.0 | +2.9 ± 4.8 | −36.5 ± 19.1 | |
+0.3 <Z < +0.5 | +9.0 <R < +15.0 | 19 | +30.1 ± 2.3 | +214.3 ± 8.1 | +35.1 ± 11.9 | +112.3 ± 31.8 | 1 |
−0.5 <Z < -0.3 | +9.0 <R < +15.0 | 19 | +35.5 ± 1.1 | +190.8 ± 8.3 | +17.2 ± 6.5 | −33.6 ± 17.8 | |
+0.5 <Z < +0.8 | +9.0 <R < +15.0 | 23 | +35.2 ± 1.7 | +235.5 ± 7.0 | −9.4 ± 6.3 | +9.4 ± 10.2 | |
−0.8 <Z < -0.5 | +9.0 <R < +15.0 | 12 | +29.6 ± 5.7 | +199.6 ± 7.3 | −71.5 ± 9.6 | +175.3 ± 21.8 | 2 |
−0.8 <Z < -0.3 | +9.0 <R < +15.0 | 27 | +36.1 ± 0.9 | +201.1 ± 7.8 | −2.9 ± 5.5 | +33.6 ± 10.6 | |
+0.3 <Z < +0.8 | +9.0 <R < +15.0 | 38 | +32.4 ± 0.8 | +227.8 ± 7.0 | +13.4 ± 6.8 | +43.7 ± 14.0 | C |
−2.0 <Z < -0.8 | +9.0 <R < +15.0 | 18 | +39.7 ± 2.3 | +176.0 ± 13.0 | +25.2 ± 9.3 | −54.3 ± 11.0 | B |
+0.8 <Z < +2.0 | +9.0 <R < +15.0 | 15 | +31.7 ± 3.1 | +219.8 ± 8.3 | +16.1 ± 7.3 | −21.3 ± 8.3 |
Z (kpc) . | R (kpc) . | Number . | S . | |$\Theta +\overline{V_{\rm s}}$| . | |$\overline{U_{\rm s}}$| . | |$\overline{W_{\rm s}}$| . | ID . |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
. | . | . | ( km s−1) . | ( km s−1) . | ( km s−1) . | ( km s−1) . | . |
−0.1 <Z < +0.1 | +5.0 <R < +9.0 | 192 | +44.8 ± 1.1 | +236.7 ± 7.6 | −9.6 ± 6.2 | +3.9 ± 10.7 | |
−0.3 <Z < -0.1 | +5.0 <R < +9.0 | 82 | +36.6 ± 0.7 | +225.2 ± 6.1 | +6.7 ± 6.2 | −7.8 ± 8.6 | |
+0.1 <Z < +0.3 | +5.0 <R < +9.0 | 100 | +34.4 ± 0.6 | +215.4 ± 5.6 | +3.1 ± 6.5 | +7.6 ± 8.5 | |
−0.5 <Z < -0.3 | +5.0 <R < +9.0 | 47 | +31.9 ± 0.9 | +220.1 ± 5.3 | −4.7 ± 7.0 | −15.3 ± 7.3 | |
+0.3 <Z < +0.5 | +5.0 <R < +9.0 | 67 | +37.4 ± 1.0 | +217.1 ± 6.6 | −13.8 ± 5.7 | +10.1 ± 8.3 | |
−0.8 <Z < -0.5 | +5.0 <R < +9.0 | 33 | +36.4 ± 0.7 | +217.4 ± 6.7 | −11.9 ± 6.0 | −5.3 ± 7.7 | |
+0.5 <Z < +0.8 | +5.0 <R < +9.0 | 56 | +35.2 ± 1.0 | +213.3 ± 6.5 | −11.4 ± 6.5 | +1.1 ± 7.7 | |
+0.8 <Z < +1.4 | +5.0 <R < +9.0 | 34 | +39.8 ± 0.6 | +208.5 ± 7.7 | −2.8 ± 6.9 | +2.0 ± 7.2 | |
−1.4 <Z < -0.8 | +5.0 <R < +9.0 | 23 | +34.5 ± 1.6 | +225.7 ± 8.3 | −4.8 ± 6.8 | +18.9 ± 6.4 | 3 |
+1.4 <Z < +2.5 | +5.0 <R < +9.0 | 20 | +33.3 ± 3.8 | +189.9 ± 8.9 | −12.2 ± 7.9 | +33.6 ± 5.9 | A |
−0.1 <Z < +0.1 | +9.0 <R < +15.0 | 32 | +24.5 ± 0.9 | +209.8 ± 6.5 | −5.1 ± 4.2 | −4.1 ± 11.1 | |
+0.1 <Z < +0.3 | +9.0 <R < +15.0 | 24 | +25.7 ± 1.0 | +213.0 ± 6.2 | +7.3 ± 5.0 | +3.1 ± 12.6 | |
−0.3 <Z < -0.1 | +9.0 <R < +15.0 | 21 | +24.1 ± 0.8 | +214.5 ± 6.0 | +2.9 ± 4.8 | −36.5 ± 19.1 | |
+0.3 <Z < +0.5 | +9.0 <R < +15.0 | 19 | +30.1 ± 2.3 | +214.3 ± 8.1 | +35.1 ± 11.9 | +112.3 ± 31.8 | 1 |
−0.5 <Z < -0.3 | +9.0 <R < +15.0 | 19 | +35.5 ± 1.1 | +190.8 ± 8.3 | +17.2 ± 6.5 | −33.6 ± 17.8 | |
+0.5 <Z < +0.8 | +9.0 <R < +15.0 | 23 | +35.2 ± 1.7 | +235.5 ± 7.0 | −9.4 ± 6.3 | +9.4 ± 10.2 | |
−0.8 <Z < -0.5 | +9.0 <R < +15.0 | 12 | +29.6 ± 5.7 | +199.6 ± 7.3 | −71.5 ± 9.6 | +175.3 ± 21.8 | 2 |
−0.8 <Z < -0.3 | +9.0 <R < +15.0 | 27 | +36.1 ± 0.9 | +201.1 ± 7.8 | −2.9 ± 5.5 | +33.6 ± 10.6 | |
+0.3 <Z < +0.8 | +9.0 <R < +15.0 | 38 | +32.4 ± 0.8 | +227.8 ± 7.0 | +13.4 ± 6.8 | +43.7 ± 14.0 | C |
−2.0 <Z < -0.8 | +9.0 <R < +15.0 | 18 | +39.7 ± 2.3 | +176.0 ± 13.0 | +25.2 ± 9.3 | −54.3 ± 11.0 | B |
+0.8 <Z < +2.0 | +9.0 <R < +15.0 | 15 | +31.7 ± 3.1 | +219.8 ± 8.3 | +16.1 ± 7.3 | −21.3 ± 8.3 |
Notes: columns 1 and 2 are binned ranges of R and Z; column 3 number of sources in R − Z binned regions; columns 4–7 S, |$\overline{U_{\rm s}}$|, Θ+|$\overline{V_{\rm s}}$| and |$\overline{W_{\rm s}}$|. The last column gives IDs of moving groups and high-speed stars.
Outputs for each of the R − Z binned groups obtained with the above procedures are listed in Table 5 and visualized in Fig. 9. The top panels plot how (S, |$\overline{U_{\rm s}}$|, Θ+|$\overline{V_{\rm s}}$|, |$\overline{W_{\rm s}}$|) varies with Z for sources with 5 < R < 9 kpc, while the bottom panels plot the same but for sources at R > 9 kpc. Horizonal ‘error bars’ indicate the min(Z) and max(Z) of stars in the binned range of Z; vertical error bars show 1σ uncertainties of S, |$\Theta +\overline{V_{\rm s}}$|, |$\overline{U_{\rm s}}$| and |$\overline{W_{\rm s}}$|. Fig. 9 is very useful for identifying potential stream motions and/or high-velocity stars. Careful inspection of these diagrams allows us to identify three bulk motions and three very high-speed stars.
In the top panels of Fig. 9, for the 5 <R < 9 kpc, 1.4 <Z < 2.5 kpc group, one can see large deviations of |$\overline{W_{\rm s}}$| and Θ+|$\overline{V_{\rm s}}$| and a very large uncertainty in S. Further inspection of Vobs − Vmodel (Fig. 10) reveals the bulk motion of this group. For further discussion, we denote this group as group A. In Fig. 10, dots with arrows denote the 2D projection of Vobs − Vmodel, where a model with a rotational speed of 180 km s−1 was used. Blue/red colours denote negative/positive values of Vobs − Vmodel.
In the lower panel of Fig. 9, the −2.0 < Z < −0.8 kpc group has the highest S and very low Θ+|$\overline{V_{\rm s}}$| and |$\overline{W_{\rm s}}$|. Further inspection of the value of Vobs − Vmodel confirms the systematic peculiar motion of this group, as shown in Fig. 11. For further discussion, we denote this group as group B.
In Table 6, we list detailed source information for these two groups. Both groups are made up of off-plane sources. Radial velocities of stars within the northern group (group A) can be modelled by stars with a rotational speed Θ+|$\overline{V_{\rm s}}$| = 189 ± 9 km s−1, with peculiar motion |$\overline{U_{\rm s}}$| = 12 ± 8 km s−1, |$\overline{W_{\rm s}}$| = 33 ± 6 km s−1 away from the Galactic plane. Radial velocities of stars within the southern group (group B) can be modelled by stars with rotational speed Θ+|$\overline{V_{\rm s}}$| = 176 ± 13 km s−1, with peculiar motion |$\overline{U_{\rm s}}$| = 25 ± 9 km s−1and |$\overline{W_{\rm s}}$| = −54 ± 11 km s−1 away from the Galactic plane. Regarding their Sgr stellar stream coordinates (columns 7 and 8 of Table 6), they seem to be aligned with the orbital plane of the Sgr stellar stream. For comparison with the Sgr stellar stream, in Fig. 12 we overlay these moving group sources on a longitude–distance diagram of the L1/L2 wrap of the LM10 model. These off-plane sources are within 5 kpc of the Sun.
ID . | Source . | Other . | RA (J2000) . | Dec. (J2000) . | VLSR . | Λ⊙ . | B⊙ . | VGSR . | Period . | PLR Distance . | WISE Distance . |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
. | name . | name . | (h:m:s) . | (d:m:s) . | (km s−1) . | (°) . | (°) . | (km s−1) . | (day) . | (kpc) . | (kpc) . |
1 | G248.033+76.318 | R Com | 12 04 15.5 | 18 47 00.0 | −4.0 | 249.84 | −1.65 | −52.3 | 1.64 | ||
2 | G288.878+34.294 | V0450 Hya | 11 59 19.1 | −27 09 03.5 | 72.5 | 273.40 | +39.65 | −99.5 | 301.0 | 4.49 | 4.59 |
3 | G286.549+55.660 | T Vir | 12 14 36.7 | −06 02 08.9 | 6.6 | 263.98 | +19.58 | −112.4 | 339.5 | 1.39 | 2.04 |
4 | G325.570+85.690 | T Com | 12 58 38.9 | 23 08 21.1 | 27.0 | 258.91 | −11.29 | 17.7 | 406.0 | 1.84 | 1.88 |
5 | G315.565+57.522 | VY Vir | 13 18 30.4 | −04 41 05.1 | 72.0 | 277.45 | +10.70 | −10.7 | 278.5 | 1.58 | 2.13 |
6 | G064.549+76.014 | RT CVn | 13 48 44.7 | 33 43 34.3 | 26.3 | 262.52 | −26.00 | 74.3 | 253.6 | 3.65 | 4.74 |
7 | G330.755+45.262 | Z Vir | 14 10 21.4 | −13 18 14.8 | 66.8 | 293.15 | +11.66 | −8.9 | 304.1 | 3.17 | 3.02 |
8 | G334.779+50.121 | IO Vir | 14 11 17.6 | −07 44 49.8 | −26.8 | 290.35 | +6.77 | −86.9 | 500.0 | 2.46 | |
9 | G325.327+25.630 | 14 28 09.3 | −33 00 03.4 | −19.5 | 308.26 | +26.02 | −132.3 | 454.0 | 6.46 | ||
10 | G356.642+59.618 | AP Vir | 14 28 30.3 | 07 17 37.1 | 37.2 | 286.03 | −8.40 | 30.7 | 306.5 | 1.96 | |
11 | G339.224+44.663 | KS Lib | 14 32 59.9 | −10 56 03.4 | 69.2 | 296.61 | +6.84 | 13.7 | 375.5 | 3.79 | 3.08 |
12 | G334.109+36.043 | LY Lib | 14 37 29.1 | −20 19 41.2 | −25.4 | 302.61 | +14.34 | −103.1 | 283.5 | 3.38 | 4.11 |
13 | G336.532+38.006 | V Lib | 14 40 22.2 | −17 39 26.9 | 18.1 | 301.74 | +11.72 | −50.9 | 255.6 | 3.05 | 2.71 |
14 | G340.829+31.460 | YY Lib | 15 08 10.6 | −21 10 00.3 | −3.9 | 309.29 | +11.46 | −65.5 | 229.9 | 3.41 | 3.46 |
15 | G011.025+53.268 | FV Boo | 15 08 25.8 | 09 36 18.3 | 6.8 | 293.35 | −15.42 | 32.0 | 313.5 | 1.99 | 1.82 |
16 | G066.876+47.996 | V1012 Her | 16 05 28.9 | 42 10 29.4 | 0.3 | 281.55 | −49.51 | 135.7 | 1.97 | ||
17 | G004.482+32.104 | BD Oph | 16 05 46.3 | −06 42 27.8 | −7.5 | 314.40 | −7.82 | 7.1 | 340.4 | 2.00 | 2.79 |
18 | G056.375+43.529 | V0697 Her | 16 27 51.4 | 34 48 10.5 | 54.5 | 293.92 | −46.80 | 187.3 | 486.0 | 1.47 | 2.14 |
19 | G003.227+22.945 | V0720 Oph | 16 32 24.6 | −13 12 01.3 | −28.4 | 323.25 | −4.73 | −17.0 | 332.0 | 3.83 | |
1 | G128.642-50.107 | WX Psc | 01 06 26.0 | 12 35 53.0 | 7.5 | 99.17 | −19.03 | 117.7 | 660.0 | 1.59 | |
2 | G141.939-58.536 | R Psc | 01 30 38.3 | 02 52 53.0 | −57.5 | 99.10 | −7.64 | 13.3 | 345.2 | 0.96 | 1.48 |
3 | G149.396-46.550 | S Ari | 02 04 37.7 | 12 31 36.9 | 9.5 | 111.52 | −11.71 | 86.5 | 291.0 | 2.34 | |
4 | G166.966-54.751 | R Cet | 02 26 02.3 | −00 10 42.0 | 37.0 | 109.29 | +1.92 | 65.6 | 166.2 | 0.62 | 1.38 |
5 | G146.989-21.317 | TV Per | 02 43 48.5 | 36 15 02.0 | −25.4 | 133.26 | −26.89 | 86.3 | 358.0 | 1.35 | 2.30 |
6 | G161.474-41.919 | RU Ari | 02 44 45.5 | 12 19 02.9 | 20.4 | 119.81 | −6.59 | 72.4 | 353.5 | 1.23 | |
7 | G165.616-40.899 | YZ Ari | 02 57 27.5 | 11 18 05.2 | 14.2 | 121.94 | −4.18 | 55.5 | 447.0 | 2.69 | 2.63 |
8 | G195.025-53.735 | SS Eri | 03 11 53.1 | −11 52 32.4 | 33.2 | 112.84 | +17.83 | −0.5 | 316.7 | 3.07 | 3.33 |
9 | G180.069-36.185 | V1083 Tau | 03 43 43.9 | 06 55 30.5 | 58.0 | 129.65 | +5.13 | 57.8 | 343.0 | 3.32 | 4.45 |
10 | G182.006-35.653 | V1191 Tau | 03 49 27.7 | 06 04 40.4 | 61.0 | 130.49 | +6.54 | 54.7 | 338.0 | 2.37 | 1.65 |
11 | G174.233-28.113 | UY Tau | 03 54 23.6 | 16 01 01.9 | 45.5 | 136.30 | −1.79 | 65.0 | 334.5 | 2.70 | 1.96 |
12 | G206.048-43.665 | WZ Eri | 04 02 08.7 | −13 44 56.0 | 9.4 | 123.05 | +25.71 | −60.5 | 401.5 | 1.47 | |
13 | G195.134-24.895 | EP Ori | 04 50 57.3 | 03 08 32.3 | −13.2 | 143.16 | +15.89 | −65.3 | 358.5 | 2.92 | 1.97 |
14 | G195.853-23.965 | V1648 Ori | 04 55 30.3 | 03 04 28.1 | 47.0 | 144.21 | +16.41 | −7.9 | 396.0 | 3.37 | 3.45 |
15 | G227.912-25.120 | RT Lep | 05 42 33.2 | −23 41 41.0 | 65.2 | 142.94 | +46.20 | −82.6 | 400.0 | 1.12 | 3.43 |
16 | G238.258-26.921 | 05 47 58.7 | −33 05 10.9 | 110.8 | 137.14 | +55.22 | −56.0 | 199.3 | 4.21 | 7.27 |
ID . | Source . | Other . | RA (J2000) . | Dec. (J2000) . | VLSR . | Λ⊙ . | B⊙ . | VGSR . | Period . | PLR Distance . | WISE Distance . |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
. | name . | name . | (h:m:s) . | (d:m:s) . | (km s−1) . | (°) . | (°) . | (km s−1) . | (day) . | (kpc) . | (kpc) . |
1 | G248.033+76.318 | R Com | 12 04 15.5 | 18 47 00.0 | −4.0 | 249.84 | −1.65 | −52.3 | 1.64 | ||
2 | G288.878+34.294 | V0450 Hya | 11 59 19.1 | −27 09 03.5 | 72.5 | 273.40 | +39.65 | −99.5 | 301.0 | 4.49 | 4.59 |
3 | G286.549+55.660 | T Vir | 12 14 36.7 | −06 02 08.9 | 6.6 | 263.98 | +19.58 | −112.4 | 339.5 | 1.39 | 2.04 |
4 | G325.570+85.690 | T Com | 12 58 38.9 | 23 08 21.1 | 27.0 | 258.91 | −11.29 | 17.7 | 406.0 | 1.84 | 1.88 |
5 | G315.565+57.522 | VY Vir | 13 18 30.4 | −04 41 05.1 | 72.0 | 277.45 | +10.70 | −10.7 | 278.5 | 1.58 | 2.13 |
6 | G064.549+76.014 | RT CVn | 13 48 44.7 | 33 43 34.3 | 26.3 | 262.52 | −26.00 | 74.3 | 253.6 | 3.65 | 4.74 |
7 | G330.755+45.262 | Z Vir | 14 10 21.4 | −13 18 14.8 | 66.8 | 293.15 | +11.66 | −8.9 | 304.1 | 3.17 | 3.02 |
8 | G334.779+50.121 | IO Vir | 14 11 17.6 | −07 44 49.8 | −26.8 | 290.35 | +6.77 | −86.9 | 500.0 | 2.46 | |
9 | G325.327+25.630 | 14 28 09.3 | −33 00 03.4 | −19.5 | 308.26 | +26.02 | −132.3 | 454.0 | 6.46 | ||
10 | G356.642+59.618 | AP Vir | 14 28 30.3 | 07 17 37.1 | 37.2 | 286.03 | −8.40 | 30.7 | 306.5 | 1.96 | |
11 | G339.224+44.663 | KS Lib | 14 32 59.9 | −10 56 03.4 | 69.2 | 296.61 | +6.84 | 13.7 | 375.5 | 3.79 | 3.08 |
12 | G334.109+36.043 | LY Lib | 14 37 29.1 | −20 19 41.2 | −25.4 | 302.61 | +14.34 | −103.1 | 283.5 | 3.38 | 4.11 |
13 | G336.532+38.006 | V Lib | 14 40 22.2 | −17 39 26.9 | 18.1 | 301.74 | +11.72 | −50.9 | 255.6 | 3.05 | 2.71 |
14 | G340.829+31.460 | YY Lib | 15 08 10.6 | −21 10 00.3 | −3.9 | 309.29 | +11.46 | −65.5 | 229.9 | 3.41 | 3.46 |
15 | G011.025+53.268 | FV Boo | 15 08 25.8 | 09 36 18.3 | 6.8 | 293.35 | −15.42 | 32.0 | 313.5 | 1.99 | 1.82 |
16 | G066.876+47.996 | V1012 Her | 16 05 28.9 | 42 10 29.4 | 0.3 | 281.55 | −49.51 | 135.7 | 1.97 | ||
17 | G004.482+32.104 | BD Oph | 16 05 46.3 | −06 42 27.8 | −7.5 | 314.40 | −7.82 | 7.1 | 340.4 | 2.00 | 2.79 |
18 | G056.375+43.529 | V0697 Her | 16 27 51.4 | 34 48 10.5 | 54.5 | 293.92 | −46.80 | 187.3 | 486.0 | 1.47 | 2.14 |
19 | G003.227+22.945 | V0720 Oph | 16 32 24.6 | −13 12 01.3 | −28.4 | 323.25 | −4.73 | −17.0 | 332.0 | 3.83 | |
1 | G128.642-50.107 | WX Psc | 01 06 26.0 | 12 35 53.0 | 7.5 | 99.17 | −19.03 | 117.7 | 660.0 | 1.59 | |
2 | G141.939-58.536 | R Psc | 01 30 38.3 | 02 52 53.0 | −57.5 | 99.10 | −7.64 | 13.3 | 345.2 | 0.96 | 1.48 |
3 | G149.396-46.550 | S Ari | 02 04 37.7 | 12 31 36.9 | 9.5 | 111.52 | −11.71 | 86.5 | 291.0 | 2.34 | |
4 | G166.966-54.751 | R Cet | 02 26 02.3 | −00 10 42.0 | 37.0 | 109.29 | +1.92 | 65.6 | 166.2 | 0.62 | 1.38 |
5 | G146.989-21.317 | TV Per | 02 43 48.5 | 36 15 02.0 | −25.4 | 133.26 | −26.89 | 86.3 | 358.0 | 1.35 | 2.30 |
6 | G161.474-41.919 | RU Ari | 02 44 45.5 | 12 19 02.9 | 20.4 | 119.81 | −6.59 | 72.4 | 353.5 | 1.23 | |
7 | G165.616-40.899 | YZ Ari | 02 57 27.5 | 11 18 05.2 | 14.2 | 121.94 | −4.18 | 55.5 | 447.0 | 2.69 | 2.63 |
8 | G195.025-53.735 | SS Eri | 03 11 53.1 | −11 52 32.4 | 33.2 | 112.84 | +17.83 | −0.5 | 316.7 | 3.07 | 3.33 |
9 | G180.069-36.185 | V1083 Tau | 03 43 43.9 | 06 55 30.5 | 58.0 | 129.65 | +5.13 | 57.8 | 343.0 | 3.32 | 4.45 |
10 | G182.006-35.653 | V1191 Tau | 03 49 27.7 | 06 04 40.4 | 61.0 | 130.49 | +6.54 | 54.7 | 338.0 | 2.37 | 1.65 |
11 | G174.233-28.113 | UY Tau | 03 54 23.6 | 16 01 01.9 | 45.5 | 136.30 | −1.79 | 65.0 | 334.5 | 2.70 | 1.96 |
12 | G206.048-43.665 | WZ Eri | 04 02 08.7 | −13 44 56.0 | 9.4 | 123.05 | +25.71 | −60.5 | 401.5 | 1.47 | |
13 | G195.134-24.895 | EP Ori | 04 50 57.3 | 03 08 32.3 | −13.2 | 143.16 | +15.89 | −65.3 | 358.5 | 2.92 | 1.97 |
14 | G195.853-23.965 | V1648 Ori | 04 55 30.3 | 03 04 28.1 | 47.0 | 144.21 | +16.41 | −7.9 | 396.0 | 3.37 | 3.45 |
15 | G227.912-25.120 | RT Lep | 05 42 33.2 | −23 41 41.0 | 65.2 | 142.94 | +46.20 | −82.6 | 400.0 | 1.12 | 3.43 |
16 | G238.258-26.921 | 05 47 58.7 | −33 05 10.9 | 110.8 | 137.14 | +55.22 | −56.0 | 199.3 | 4.21 | 7.27 |
Notes: Column 1 gives IDs of sources; column 2 Galactic-coordinate notated source names; column 3 Bayer designation names of variables; columns 4 and 5 equatorial coordinates; column 6 VLSR; columns 7 and 8 are Sgr stellar stream coordinates; column 9 radial velocities with respect to the Galactic Centre; column 10 periods of variables; columns 11 and 12 PLR and WISE distances.
ID . | Source . | Other . | RA (J2000) . | Dec. (J2000) . | VLSR . | Λ⊙ . | B⊙ . | VGSR . | Period . | PLR Distance . | WISE Distance . |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
. | name . | name . | (h:m:s) . | (d:m:s) . | (km s−1) . | (°) . | (°) . | (km s−1) . | (day) . | (kpc) . | (kpc) . |
1 | G248.033+76.318 | R Com | 12 04 15.5 | 18 47 00.0 | −4.0 | 249.84 | −1.65 | −52.3 | 1.64 | ||
2 | G288.878+34.294 | V0450 Hya | 11 59 19.1 | −27 09 03.5 | 72.5 | 273.40 | +39.65 | −99.5 | 301.0 | 4.49 | 4.59 |
3 | G286.549+55.660 | T Vir | 12 14 36.7 | −06 02 08.9 | 6.6 | 263.98 | +19.58 | −112.4 | 339.5 | 1.39 | 2.04 |
4 | G325.570+85.690 | T Com | 12 58 38.9 | 23 08 21.1 | 27.0 | 258.91 | −11.29 | 17.7 | 406.0 | 1.84 | 1.88 |
5 | G315.565+57.522 | VY Vir | 13 18 30.4 | −04 41 05.1 | 72.0 | 277.45 | +10.70 | −10.7 | 278.5 | 1.58 | 2.13 |
6 | G064.549+76.014 | RT CVn | 13 48 44.7 | 33 43 34.3 | 26.3 | 262.52 | −26.00 | 74.3 | 253.6 | 3.65 | 4.74 |
7 | G330.755+45.262 | Z Vir | 14 10 21.4 | −13 18 14.8 | 66.8 | 293.15 | +11.66 | −8.9 | 304.1 | 3.17 | 3.02 |
8 | G334.779+50.121 | IO Vir | 14 11 17.6 | −07 44 49.8 | −26.8 | 290.35 | +6.77 | −86.9 | 500.0 | 2.46 | |
9 | G325.327+25.630 | 14 28 09.3 | −33 00 03.4 | −19.5 | 308.26 | +26.02 | −132.3 | 454.0 | 6.46 | ||
10 | G356.642+59.618 | AP Vir | 14 28 30.3 | 07 17 37.1 | 37.2 | 286.03 | −8.40 | 30.7 | 306.5 | 1.96 | |
11 | G339.224+44.663 | KS Lib | 14 32 59.9 | −10 56 03.4 | 69.2 | 296.61 | +6.84 | 13.7 | 375.5 | 3.79 | 3.08 |
12 | G334.109+36.043 | LY Lib | 14 37 29.1 | −20 19 41.2 | −25.4 | 302.61 | +14.34 | −103.1 | 283.5 | 3.38 | 4.11 |
13 | G336.532+38.006 | V Lib | 14 40 22.2 | −17 39 26.9 | 18.1 | 301.74 | +11.72 | −50.9 | 255.6 | 3.05 | 2.71 |
14 | G340.829+31.460 | YY Lib | 15 08 10.6 | −21 10 00.3 | −3.9 | 309.29 | +11.46 | −65.5 | 229.9 | 3.41 | 3.46 |
15 | G011.025+53.268 | FV Boo | 15 08 25.8 | 09 36 18.3 | 6.8 | 293.35 | −15.42 | 32.0 | 313.5 | 1.99 | 1.82 |
16 | G066.876+47.996 | V1012 Her | 16 05 28.9 | 42 10 29.4 | 0.3 | 281.55 | −49.51 | 135.7 | 1.97 | ||
17 | G004.482+32.104 | BD Oph | 16 05 46.3 | −06 42 27.8 | −7.5 | 314.40 | −7.82 | 7.1 | 340.4 | 2.00 | 2.79 |
18 | G056.375+43.529 | V0697 Her | 16 27 51.4 | 34 48 10.5 | 54.5 | 293.92 | −46.80 | 187.3 | 486.0 | 1.47 | 2.14 |
19 | G003.227+22.945 | V0720 Oph | 16 32 24.6 | −13 12 01.3 | −28.4 | 323.25 | −4.73 | −17.0 | 332.0 | 3.83 | |
1 | G128.642-50.107 | WX Psc | 01 06 26.0 | 12 35 53.0 | 7.5 | 99.17 | −19.03 | 117.7 | 660.0 | 1.59 | |
2 | G141.939-58.536 | R Psc | 01 30 38.3 | 02 52 53.0 | −57.5 | 99.10 | −7.64 | 13.3 | 345.2 | 0.96 | 1.48 |
3 | G149.396-46.550 | S Ari | 02 04 37.7 | 12 31 36.9 | 9.5 | 111.52 | −11.71 | 86.5 | 291.0 | 2.34 | |
4 | G166.966-54.751 | R Cet | 02 26 02.3 | −00 10 42.0 | 37.0 | 109.29 | +1.92 | 65.6 | 166.2 | 0.62 | 1.38 |
5 | G146.989-21.317 | TV Per | 02 43 48.5 | 36 15 02.0 | −25.4 | 133.26 | −26.89 | 86.3 | 358.0 | 1.35 | 2.30 |
6 | G161.474-41.919 | RU Ari | 02 44 45.5 | 12 19 02.9 | 20.4 | 119.81 | −6.59 | 72.4 | 353.5 | 1.23 | |
7 | G165.616-40.899 | YZ Ari | 02 57 27.5 | 11 18 05.2 | 14.2 | 121.94 | −4.18 | 55.5 | 447.0 | 2.69 | 2.63 |
8 | G195.025-53.735 | SS Eri | 03 11 53.1 | −11 52 32.4 | 33.2 | 112.84 | +17.83 | −0.5 | 316.7 | 3.07 | 3.33 |
9 | G180.069-36.185 | V1083 Tau | 03 43 43.9 | 06 55 30.5 | 58.0 | 129.65 | +5.13 | 57.8 | 343.0 | 3.32 | 4.45 |
10 | G182.006-35.653 | V1191 Tau | 03 49 27.7 | 06 04 40.4 | 61.0 | 130.49 | +6.54 | 54.7 | 338.0 | 2.37 | 1.65 |
11 | G174.233-28.113 | UY Tau | 03 54 23.6 | 16 01 01.9 | 45.5 | 136.30 | −1.79 | 65.0 | 334.5 | 2.70 | 1.96 |
12 | G206.048-43.665 | WZ Eri | 04 02 08.7 | −13 44 56.0 | 9.4 | 123.05 | +25.71 | −60.5 | 401.5 | 1.47 | |
13 | G195.134-24.895 | EP Ori | 04 50 57.3 | 03 08 32.3 | −13.2 | 143.16 | +15.89 | −65.3 | 358.5 | 2.92 | 1.97 |
14 | G195.853-23.965 | V1648 Ori | 04 55 30.3 | 03 04 28.1 | 47.0 | 144.21 | +16.41 | −7.9 | 396.0 | 3.37 | 3.45 |
15 | G227.912-25.120 | RT Lep | 05 42 33.2 | −23 41 41.0 | 65.2 | 142.94 | +46.20 | −82.6 | 400.0 | 1.12 | 3.43 |
16 | G238.258-26.921 | 05 47 58.7 | −33 05 10.9 | 110.8 | 137.14 | +55.22 | −56.0 | 199.3 | 4.21 | 7.27 |
ID . | Source . | Other . | RA (J2000) . | Dec. (J2000) . | VLSR . | Λ⊙ . | B⊙ . | VGSR . | Period . | PLR Distance . | WISE Distance . |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
. | name . | name . | (h:m:s) . | (d:m:s) . | (km s−1) . | (°) . | (°) . | (km s−1) . | (day) . | (kpc) . | (kpc) . |
1 | G248.033+76.318 | R Com | 12 04 15.5 | 18 47 00.0 | −4.0 | 249.84 | −1.65 | −52.3 | 1.64 | ||
2 | G288.878+34.294 | V0450 Hya | 11 59 19.1 | −27 09 03.5 | 72.5 | 273.40 | +39.65 | −99.5 | 301.0 | 4.49 | 4.59 |
3 | G286.549+55.660 | T Vir | 12 14 36.7 | −06 02 08.9 | 6.6 | 263.98 | +19.58 | −112.4 | 339.5 | 1.39 | 2.04 |
4 | G325.570+85.690 | T Com | 12 58 38.9 | 23 08 21.1 | 27.0 | 258.91 | −11.29 | 17.7 | 406.0 | 1.84 | 1.88 |
5 | G315.565+57.522 | VY Vir | 13 18 30.4 | −04 41 05.1 | 72.0 | 277.45 | +10.70 | −10.7 | 278.5 | 1.58 | 2.13 |
6 | G064.549+76.014 | RT CVn | 13 48 44.7 | 33 43 34.3 | 26.3 | 262.52 | −26.00 | 74.3 | 253.6 | 3.65 | 4.74 |
7 | G330.755+45.262 | Z Vir | 14 10 21.4 | −13 18 14.8 | 66.8 | 293.15 | +11.66 | −8.9 | 304.1 | 3.17 | 3.02 |
8 | G334.779+50.121 | IO Vir | 14 11 17.6 | −07 44 49.8 | −26.8 | 290.35 | +6.77 | −86.9 | 500.0 | 2.46 | |
9 | G325.327+25.630 | 14 28 09.3 | −33 00 03.4 | −19.5 | 308.26 | +26.02 | −132.3 | 454.0 | 6.46 | ||
10 | G356.642+59.618 | AP Vir | 14 28 30.3 | 07 17 37.1 | 37.2 | 286.03 | −8.40 | 30.7 | 306.5 | 1.96 | |
11 | G339.224+44.663 | KS Lib | 14 32 59.9 | −10 56 03.4 | 69.2 | 296.61 | +6.84 | 13.7 | 375.5 | 3.79 | 3.08 |
12 | G334.109+36.043 | LY Lib | 14 37 29.1 | −20 19 41.2 | −25.4 | 302.61 | +14.34 | −103.1 | 283.5 | 3.38 | 4.11 |
13 | G336.532+38.006 | V Lib | 14 40 22.2 | −17 39 26.9 | 18.1 | 301.74 | +11.72 | −50.9 | 255.6 | 3.05 | 2.71 |
14 | G340.829+31.460 | YY Lib | 15 08 10.6 | −21 10 00.3 | −3.9 | 309.29 | +11.46 | −65.5 | 229.9 | 3.41 | 3.46 |
15 | G011.025+53.268 | FV Boo | 15 08 25.8 | 09 36 18.3 | 6.8 | 293.35 | −15.42 | 32.0 | 313.5 | 1.99 | 1.82 |
16 | G066.876+47.996 | V1012 Her | 16 05 28.9 | 42 10 29.4 | 0.3 | 281.55 | −49.51 | 135.7 | 1.97 | ||
17 | G004.482+32.104 | BD Oph | 16 05 46.3 | −06 42 27.8 | −7.5 | 314.40 | −7.82 | 7.1 | 340.4 | 2.00 | 2.79 |
18 | G056.375+43.529 | V0697 Her | 16 27 51.4 | 34 48 10.5 | 54.5 | 293.92 | −46.80 | 187.3 | 486.0 | 1.47 | 2.14 |
19 | G003.227+22.945 | V0720 Oph | 16 32 24.6 | −13 12 01.3 | −28.4 | 323.25 | −4.73 | −17.0 | 332.0 | 3.83 | |
1 | G128.642-50.107 | WX Psc | 01 06 26.0 | 12 35 53.0 | 7.5 | 99.17 | −19.03 | 117.7 | 660.0 | 1.59 | |
2 | G141.939-58.536 | R Psc | 01 30 38.3 | 02 52 53.0 | −57.5 | 99.10 | −7.64 | 13.3 | 345.2 | 0.96 | 1.48 |
3 | G149.396-46.550 | S Ari | 02 04 37.7 | 12 31 36.9 | 9.5 | 111.52 | −11.71 | 86.5 | 291.0 | 2.34 | |
4 | G166.966-54.751 | R Cet | 02 26 02.3 | −00 10 42.0 | 37.0 | 109.29 | +1.92 | 65.6 | 166.2 | 0.62 | 1.38 |
5 | G146.989-21.317 | TV Per | 02 43 48.5 | 36 15 02.0 | −25.4 | 133.26 | −26.89 | 86.3 | 358.0 | 1.35 | 2.30 |
6 | G161.474-41.919 | RU Ari | 02 44 45.5 | 12 19 02.9 | 20.4 | 119.81 | −6.59 | 72.4 | 353.5 | 1.23 | |
7 | G165.616-40.899 | YZ Ari | 02 57 27.5 | 11 18 05.2 | 14.2 | 121.94 | −4.18 | 55.5 | 447.0 | 2.69 | 2.63 |
8 | G195.025-53.735 | SS Eri | 03 11 53.1 | −11 52 32.4 | 33.2 | 112.84 | +17.83 | −0.5 | 316.7 | 3.07 | 3.33 |
9 | G180.069-36.185 | V1083 Tau | 03 43 43.9 | 06 55 30.5 | 58.0 | 129.65 | +5.13 | 57.8 | 343.0 | 3.32 | 4.45 |
10 | G182.006-35.653 | V1191 Tau | 03 49 27.7 | 06 04 40.4 | 61.0 | 130.49 | +6.54 | 54.7 | 338.0 | 2.37 | 1.65 |
11 | G174.233-28.113 | UY Tau | 03 54 23.6 | 16 01 01.9 | 45.5 | 136.30 | −1.79 | 65.0 | 334.5 | 2.70 | 1.96 |
12 | G206.048-43.665 | WZ Eri | 04 02 08.7 | −13 44 56.0 | 9.4 | 123.05 | +25.71 | −60.5 | 401.5 | 1.47 | |
13 | G195.134-24.895 | EP Ori | 04 50 57.3 | 03 08 32.3 | −13.2 | 143.16 | +15.89 | −65.3 | 358.5 | 2.92 | 1.97 |
14 | G195.853-23.965 | V1648 Ori | 04 55 30.3 | 03 04 28.1 | 47.0 | 144.21 | +16.41 | −7.9 | 396.0 | 3.37 | 3.45 |
15 | G227.912-25.120 | RT Lep | 05 42 33.2 | −23 41 41.0 | 65.2 | 142.94 | +46.20 | −82.6 | 400.0 | 1.12 | 3.43 |
16 | G238.258-26.921 | 05 47 58.7 | −33 05 10.9 | 110.8 | 137.14 | +55.22 | −56.0 | 199.3 | 4.21 | 7.27 |
Notes: Column 1 gives IDs of sources; column 2 Galactic-coordinate notated source names; column 3 Bayer designation names of variables; columns 4 and 5 equatorial coordinates; column 6 VLSR; columns 7 and 8 are Sgr stellar stream coordinates; column 9 radial velocities with respect to the Galactic Centre; column 10 periods of variables; columns 11 and 12 PLR and WISE distances.
In the LM10 model, the Sgr stream is not expected to be located within 13 kpc of the Sun, while in the model of Majewski (2004) the intersection between the L2 wrap of the Sgr stellar stream and the Galactic plane is very close to the Sun. It should be mentioned that in the LM10 model all leading-arm SDSS constraints are beyond 18 kpc (table 1 of Law & Majewski 2010b). This could be due to method bias, as the majority of halo stream features are identified by stellar overdensity, which can be overlooked at the closest distances due to severe disc contamination. Although observational constraints of stream features at near distances are rare, Kundu et al. (2002) found eight giant stars with kinematics, abundances and locations roughly consistent with the leading tidal arm of the Sagittarius arm. Six out of these eight giant stars are within 5 kpc of the Sun. Even for the LM10 model, they did not exclude the possibility of the existence of Sgr stream stars in a nearby (D <10 kpc) region (see discussions in section 8.2 of Law & Majewski 2010b). Taking into account the Galactic location and kinematics of groups A and B sources, they may be thick disc stars with their kinematics affected by the halo stellar stream or very old Sgr stream debris. Future measurements of proper motion and determinations of the full 3D motion and Galactic orbits of these sources will be crucial for testing these scenarios.
In the lower panel of Fig. 9, there exist two ‘high‚ peculiar motion groups, groups 2 and 3: one is the 0.3 <Z < 0.5 kpc group and the other is the −0.8 < Z < −0.5 kpc group. Further investigation of the values of Vobs − Vmodel for these two groups reveal that most of the sources within these groups are actually normal disc stars; the large peculiar motion seen in Fig. 9 is due to two very high-speed sources, which are listed in Table 7. With the same method, another high-speed source was identified in the −1.4 < Z < −0.8 kpc, 5 <R < 9 kpc group, which was also listed in Table 7. In Fig. 9, groups including these high-speed sources are highlighted with red labels 1, 2 and 3.
Source . | Other . | RA (J2000) . | Dec. (J2000) . | VLSR . | Period . | PLR distance . | WISE distance . | ID . |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
name . | name . | (h:m:s) . | (d:m:s) . | (km s−1) . | (day) . | (kpc) . | (kpc) . | . |
G002.216-37.218 | RV Mic | 20 40 29.9 | −39 37 42.0 | −96.55 | 327.0 | 2.29 | 1 | |
G196.675+21.331 | S Gem | 07 43 02.5 | +23 26 58.2 | 94.8 | 292.1 | 1.41 | 1.14 | 2 |
G138.089-26.921 | T Tri | 01 56 47.1 | +34 01 10.7 | −121.9 | 324.0 | 1.60 | 1.87 | 3 |
Source . | Other . | RA (J2000) . | Dec. (J2000) . | VLSR . | Period . | PLR distance . | WISE distance . | ID . |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
name . | name . | (h:m:s) . | (d:m:s) . | (km s−1) . | (day) . | (kpc) . | (kpc) . | . |
G002.216-37.218 | RV Mic | 20 40 29.9 | −39 37 42.0 | −96.55 | 327.0 | 2.29 | 1 | |
G196.675+21.331 | S Gem | 07 43 02.5 | +23 26 58.2 | 94.8 | 292.1 | 1.41 | 1.14 | 2 |
G138.089-26.921 | T Tri | 01 56 47.1 | +34 01 10.7 | −121.9 | 324.0 | 1.60 | 1.87 | 3 |
Source . | Other . | RA (J2000) . | Dec. (J2000) . | VLSR . | Period . | PLR distance . | WISE distance . | ID . |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
name . | name . | (h:m:s) . | (d:m:s) . | (km s−1) . | (day) . | (kpc) . | (kpc) . | . |
G002.216-37.218 | RV Mic | 20 40 29.9 | −39 37 42.0 | −96.55 | 327.0 | 2.29 | 1 | |
G196.675+21.331 | S Gem | 07 43 02.5 | +23 26 58.2 | 94.8 | 292.1 | 1.41 | 1.14 | 2 |
G138.089-26.921 | T Tri | 01 56 47.1 | +34 01 10.7 | −121.9 | 324.0 | 1.60 | 1.87 | 3 |
Source . | Other . | RA (J2000) . | Dec. (J2000) . | VLSR . | Period . | PLR distance . | WISE distance . | ID . |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
name . | name . | (h:m:s) . | (d:m:s) . | (km s−1) . | (day) . | (kpc) . | (kpc) . | . |
G002.216-37.218 | RV Mic | 20 40 29.9 | −39 37 42.0 | −96.55 | 327.0 | 2.29 | 1 | |
G196.675+21.331 | S Gem | 07 43 02.5 | +23 26 58.2 | 94.8 | 292.1 | 1.41 | 1.14 | 2 |
G138.089-26.921 | T Tri | 01 56 47.1 | +34 01 10.7 | −121.9 | 324.0 | 1.60 | 1.87 | 3 |
In the upper panels of Fig. 9, another outlier is the −0.1 < Z < 0.1 kpc group (group D), with the largest value of S and a relatively high rotation speed of 237 ± 7 km s−1 compared with other groups. The large S of this group is due to inclusion of a large number of objects from extended regions. For comparison, in the lower panel, for the 9 <R < 13 kpc, −0.1 < Z < 0.1 kpc group, the value of S is only ∼25.0 km s−1. Unmodelled peculiar motions due to non-axisymmetric perturbations from spiral arms and/or the bar could explain the large value of S in group D.
In Fig. 9, we noticed dependences of the rotational speed and velocity dispersion on the Galactic plane distance. In the first lower left panel of Fig. 9, it can be seen that the velocity dispersion S increases with Z. In the second column of Fig. 9, in the groups Z > 0, 5 <R < 9 kpc and Z < 0, R > 9 kpc, there is a clear trend that rotational speed decreases with Z. These phenomena are consistent with stellar dynamics theory: old thick disc stars, which are dynamically evolved sources, tend to have lower rotational speeds and higher velocity dispersions.
In the 0.3 <Z < 0.8 kpc, R > 9 kpc region, which we denote as group C, an increase of Θ+|$\overline{V_{\rm s}}$| can be seen. Such an enhancement in rotation speed is hard to explain by the stellar dynamics mentioned above. Fig. 13 illustrates Vobs − Vmodel for the sources in this group. In the figure, one can see outward and upward bulk motions for many sources. Considering the locations of these sources, it is possible that they trace peculiar motions or flows associated with the Perseus spiral arm. Kirsanova, Sobolev & Thomasson (2017) found that high-mass star-forming regions (HMSFRs) in the Perseus arm traced by 6.7-GHz methanol masers between 85° < l < 124° and 173° < l < 196° are moving outward and rotate about the Galaxy at a higher velocity with respect to gas tracers (CO and CS). As can be seen in fig. 7 of Kirsanova et al. (2017), the kinematics of these HMSFRs is somewhat simiar to that of our group C SiO masers, which supports our viewpoint that large-scale peculiar motions exist in the Perseus arm.
In order to evaluate whether the systematic motions identified in groups A, B and C were statistically significant, we made simulations to test the null hypothesis that the systematic peculiar motions are not true but within statistical errors. In the simulation, we generate ‘trial’ stars with identical Galactic coordinates. Distance errors were simulated by varying the nominal distance values up to 20 per cent as a 1σ error. For kinematics, we assume they follow the kinematic model of disc stars, with rotational speed, Θ, varying as a function of Galactic plane distance ranging from 225–180 km s−1, plus normal random motions (|$\overline{U_{\rm s}}$|, |$\overline{V_{\rm s}}$|, |$\overline{W_{\rm s}}$|) with 1σ errors ranging from 25–40 km s−1. Then (S, |$\overline{U_{\rm s}}$|, Θ+|$\overline{V_{\rm s}}$|, |$\overline{W_{\rm s}}$|) were estimated by the same procedure as applied to the observational data.
We conducted 1000 trials and then calculated the probability distributions of (S, |$\overline{U_{\rm s}}$|, Θ+|$\overline{V_{\rm s}}$|, |$\overline{W_{\rm s}}$|), which are shown in Fig. A2 in the Appendix. In Fig. A2, black vertical lines denote 1σ (68 per cent) and 2σ (95 per cent) boundaries of the simulations, while red dashed lines denote the 1σ range of (S, |$\overline{U_{\rm s}}$|, Θ+|$\overline{V_{\rm s}}$|, |$\overline{W_{\rm s}}$|) estimated with real data. Top, middle and bottom panels are the results for groups A, B and C respectively. For all three groups, the values of |$\overline{W_{\rm s}}$| estimated by real data were within the 1–2σ range of simulations. Thus, statistically, we were ∼70 per cent confident that the systematic peculiar motions vertical to the Galactic plane of all three groups are real. In particular, for group C, the disagreement between simulations and real data is significant for all four (S, |$\overline{U_{\rm s}}$|, Θ+|$\overline{V_{\rm s}}$|, |$\overline{W_{\rm s}}$|) parameters. Future measurements of proper motions and determinations of full 3D motions and Galactic orbits of these sources are crucial for better understanding of these bulk motions.
5 SUMMARY
We conducted an SiO maser survey towards 221 O-rich AGBs projected on the Sgr stellar stream region. In total, we detected maser emission in 44 AGBs, of which 35 were new detections. We found that the WISE colour–colour diagram method provides an effective way to select O-rich Miras for a SiO maser survey.
We compiled a Galactic SiO maser catalogue that includes ∼2300 sources. We then cross-matched this maser catalogue with the GCVS and AAVSO variable catalogues and the 2MASS and WISE point-source catalogues and calculated the PLR distance and WISE luminosity distances for ∼1000 sources. By studying the Galactic distribution of sources, we determined a typical height-scale (0.40 kpc) of disc SiO masers and identified 42 off-plane SiO masers. 50 per cent of these off-plane SiO masers were discovered in this work.
We identified three very high-speed stars and found systematic peculiar motions in three groups (70 per cent confidence) by comparing the radial velocities with models of disc stars. The most statistically significant group is within the thick disc, with 0.3 <Z < 0.8 kpc, R > 9 kpc, which might be tracing an outward (13 ± 7 km s−1) and upward (44 ± 14 km s−1) flow in the Perseus arm. The other two moving groups are mainly made up of off-plane sources. The northern group can be modelled by disc stars with rotational speed ∼190 km s−1 and peculiar motion |$\overline{W_{\rm s}}$| = 34 ± 6 km s−1 away from the Galactic plane; the southern group can be modelled by disc stars with rotational speed ∼180 km s−1 and peculiar motion of |$\overline{U_{\rm s}}$| = 25 ± 9 km s−1, |$\overline{W_{\rm s}}$| = −54 ± 11 km s−1 away from the Galactic plane. As these two off-plane groups are aligned with the Sgr orbital plane, we suspect that they could be thick disc stars with kinematics affected by the halo stellar stream or very old stream debris. Future measurements of proper motion and determinations of full 3D motions and Galactic orbits of these sources are crucial to confirm/deny our conclusions.
For disc SiO maser sources, model fitting using radial velocities allows us to reveal dependences of the rotational speed and velocity dispersion on distance from the Galactic plane, i.e. stars with higher Galactic plane distances tend to have large velocity dispersion and rotate slowly within the Galactic disc. These trends are consistent with the theory of stellar dynamics. With Θ0= 240 km s−1, we derived velocity lags of 15 and 55 km s−1 for disc and off-plane SiO maser sources, respectively.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We thank Professor Majewski from the University of Virginia and Dr Mark Claussen from NRAO for useful discussions on the Sgr stellar stream. We thank Professor Honma from the NAOJ, who carefully read the manuscript and shared valuable comments and suggestions with us. We thank the NRO45m staff for their help and support during observations. The Nobeyama 45-m radio telescope is operated by Nobeyama Radio Observatory, a branch of the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan. This publication makes use of data products from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), which is a joint project of the University of California, Los Angeles, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This research has made use of the SIMBAD database, and the VizieR catalogue access tool operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France.
The 45-m radio telescope is operated by Nobeyama Radio Observatory, a branch of National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.
Contact yuanwei.wu@ntsc.ac.cn for the program code.
WISE Explanatory Supplement documentation for All-Sky Data Release, http://wise2.ipac.caltech.edu/docs/release/allsky/expsup/
REFERENCES
SUPPORTING INFORMATION
Supplementary data are available at MNRAS online.
Table 2. Galactic SiO maser catalogue.
Please note: Oxford University Press is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting materials supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing material) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
APPENDIX A: DISTANCE ESTIMATE
Distance is the key parameter to study the Galactic distribution. For Miras with known period, their distances can be calculated based on the period–luminosity relation (PLR). For AGB stars without period or Ks magnitude, but with the WISE colour available, we derived WISE luminosity distances by using an empirical formula calibrated with O-rich Miras, in which the distance is a function of the W4 magnitude and a dereddened colour [W1΄ − W4]. Formulae used to derive the PLR distances and WISE luminosity distances are given in sections A1 and A2, respectively. In addition, in the appendix, we present Table A1 that lists targets of this survey, and Table A2 and Fig. A1 that present detailed observational results and spectra of detections, and Fig. A2 that show the probability distributions of (|$S,\overline{U_s}, \Theta+\overline{V_s}, \overline{W_s}$|) used to test the null hypothesis in Section 4.3.
Source . | RA (J2000) . | Dec. (J2000) . | Other . | Star . | Spectral . | V* . | Period . | Maser . |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
name . | (h:m:s) . | (d:m:s) . | name . | type . | type . | (km s−1) . | (days) . | detection . |
G000.760+51.066 | 15 00 12.98 | +03 15 41.7 | * | M5 | … | NN | ||
G001.856+72.531 | 13 53 55.19 | +17 16 50.1 | XZ Boo | LPV* | M5 | … | NN | |
G003.378+47.338 | 15 16 02.72 | +02 10 04.6 | Z Ser | sr* | M5 | −25.00 | NN | |
G003.602+43.085 | 15 29 38.03 | −00 23 45.8 | AM Ser | sr* | M2 | … | NN | |
G003.848+44.341 | 15 26 10.68 | +00 31 56.5 | V380 Ser | sr* | Me | … | NN | |
G004.482+32.104 | 16 05 46.29 | −06 42 27.8 | BD Oph | Mi* | M6e | −432.72 | YY | |
G006.077+30.607 | 16 13 53.44 | −06 32 16.4 | V2577 Oph | Mi* | … | … | NN | |
G008.104+45.840 | 15 28 43.67 | +03 49 43.6 | MW Ser | Mi* | M8 | … | YY | |
G010.937+35.609 | 16 07 08.16 | −00 18 53.6 | AI Ser | Mi* | … | … | NN | |
G011.025+53.268 | 15 08 25.77 | +09 36 18.4 | FV Boo | Mi? | M9III | … | YY | |
G011.131+37.023 | 16 02 49.18 | +00 36 40.6 | DW Ser | Mi* | M1e | … | NN | |
G011.159−41.196 | 21 04 36.85 | −33 16 47.3 | X Mic | Mi* | M… | 19.0 | YY | |
G012.097+32.492 | 16 19 37.28 | −01 15 47.2 | CM Ser | Mi* | … | −36.93 | 220.6 | NN |
G012.230−32.998 | 20 27 29.17 | −30 48 37.3 | V5556 Sgr | Mi* | M8 | … | NN | |
G012.444+38.278 | 16 00 58.08 | +02 10 27.9 | BC Ser | Mi* | M5e | 49 | NN | |
G012.901−63.916 | 22 53 30.71 | −32 55 39.9 | SS PsA | Mi* | … | … | NN | |
G014.428+52.730 | 15 14 41.21 | +11 03 31.6 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G015.405−35.139 | 20 40 02.99 | −28 47 31.2 | R Mic | Mi* | M4e | 10.00 | YN | |
G016.257+64.629 | 14 33 28.30 | +17 36 46.9 | CO Boo | Mi* | … | … | 280.0 | NN |
G016.831−45.308 | 21 26 44.10 | −29 51 04.7 | S Mic | Mi* | M3-5.5e | 49 | NN | |
G017.647−37.951 | 20 54 26.42 | −27 44 15.9 | RX Mic | Mi* | … | −51.01 | NN | |
G017.863+72.316 | 14 04 52.15 | +21 21 19.1 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G019.002−39.495 | 21 02 20.78 | −27 05 14.9 | RR Cap | Mi* | M6e: | −63 | YY | |
G019.408+42.783 | 15 56 29.69 | +09 01 50.2 | RU Ser | Mi* | … | 11.0 | 282.2 | NN |
G019.509−56.308 | 22 18 00.24 | −29 36 13.8 | R PsA | Mi* | M6+e | −25.0 | NN | |
G020.708−31.502 | 20 30 06.77 | −23 30 41.5 | AY Cap | sr* | … | 46.55 | NN | |
G021.290−47.410 | 21 38 41.87 | −27 12 34.1 | RV PsA | Mi* | … | −24.36 | NN | |
G021.343−32.293 | 20 34 07.64 | −23 14 58.6 | AK Cap | LPV* | M4III | … | NN | |
G021.513−53.023 | 22 03 45.83 | −28 03 04.2 | S PsA | Mi* | M3e | −92.0 | YN | |
G022.158+40.858 | 16 07 17.66 | +09 55 52.5 | U Ser | Mi* | M4-6e | −31.00 | YY | |
G022.461+33.819 | 16 32 55.55 | +06 51 29.7 | SS Her | Mi* | M0-5+e | −46.0 | NN | |
G022.943−31.448 | 20 32 34.16 | −21 41 26.5 | RU Cap | Mi* | M9 | −3 | YY | |
G023.139−38.703 | 21 02 42.82 | −23 46 54.8 | CE Cap | sr* | … | … | NN | |
G023.291−34.188 | 20 44 09.74 | −22 18 12.9 | CC Cap | sr* | M6.5 | … | NN | |
G023.376−39.816 | 21 07 36.63 | −23 55 13.4 | V Cap | Mi* | M5.5-6e | −36.0 | YY | |
G023.664+40.100 | 16 12 09.44 | +10 36 26.1 | DN Her | Mi* | M6.5 | −46.0 | NN | |
G025.952−42.117 | 21 19 37.45 | −22 42 26.9 | CH Cap | sr* | … | … | NN | |
G026.343−35.418 | 20 52 39.24 | −20 20 00.3 | BX Cap | LPV* | … | … | NN | |
G026.645−39.261 | 21 08 33.06 | −21 20 51.5 | X Cap | Mi* | M2e… | −37.55 | NN | |
G028.805−31.578 | 20 40 32.08 | −17 03 28.2 | TX Cap | Mi* | M4 | 9.0 | NN | |
G032.106−32.402 | 20 48 08.58 | −14 47 01.0 | U Cap | Mi* | M5.5e | … | 203.8 | NN |
G032.852−33.566 | 20 53 35.02 | −14 39 50.4 | XX Cap | LPV* | M5 | −15.68 | NN | |
G033.078−37.937 | 21 10 37.52 | −16 10 24.8 | Z Cap | Mi* | M2e: | −64 | NN | |
G033.245−56.048 | 22 23 12.94 | −22 03 25.5 | RT Aqr | Mi* | M5 | −34.00 | NN | |
G033.519−53.484 | 22 12 50.93 | −21 09 51.9 | AQ Aqr | Mi* | … | −90.68 | NN | |
G035.634−40.082 | 21 22 00.82 | −15 09 33.1 | T Cap | Mi* | M6e: | 42.00 | NN | |
G036.242−55.590 | 22 23 30.38 | −20 18 49.2 | KU Aqr | LPV* | M3III | … | NN | |
G037.206−55.581 | 22 24 13.46 | −19 47 42.7 | AV Aqr | Mi* | M | −73.0 | NN | |
G037.250−44.253 | 21 39 53.43 | −15 40 35.4 | CK Cap | LP? | … | … | NN | |
G038.070+66.469 | 14 37 11.58 | +26 44 11.7 | R Boo | Mi* | M4-8e | −58.00 | YY | |
G038.666−42.354 | 21 34 22.91 | −13 58 29.3 | Y Cap | Mi* | M8.5 | … | NN | |
G039.040−42.707 | 21 36 10.46 | −13 52 04.9 | UU Cap | sr* | M3/4III | −4.08 | NN | |
G041.021+62.253 | 14 56 41.05 | +27 30 25.2 | NP Boo | Mi* | … | … | NN | |
G041.037−51.361 | 22 11 13.36 | −16 07 47.2 | YY Aqr | sr* | … | … | NN | |
G041.058−50.181 | 22 06 44.98 | −15 38 40.3 | BM Aqr | sr* | M3(III) | −21.00 | NN | |
G041.181−31.735 | 20 59 00.66 | −07 32 29.4 | VV Aqr | Mi* | … | −183.18 | 140.7 | NN |
G041.307−63.037 | 22 57 06.46 | −20 20 35.7 | S Aqr | Mi* | M6e | −58 | NN | |
G041.346−64.747 | 23 04 00.56 | −20 54 24.0 | MN Aqr | Mi* | M7: | … | NN | |
G045.006−52.540 | 22 19 54.43 | −14 24 07.0 | SS Aqr | Mi* | M2 | 2 | NN | |
G045.032−36.798 | 21 23 03.67 | −07 06 29.4 | RZ Aqr | Mi* | M9 | … | NN | |
G045.734−38.770 | 21 31 06.50 | −07 34 20.4 | HY Aqr | Mi* | M8 | −20 | YN | |
G051.533−62.801 | 23 04 17.19 | −16 00 35.9 | EQ Aqr | sr* | M3/4 | … | NN | |
G051.533−62.801 | 23 04 17.19 | −16 00 35.9 | EQ Aqr | sr* | M3/4 | … | NN | |
G051.594−50.205 | 22 19 35.29 | −09 40 32.6 | ZZ Aqr | sr* | … | … | NN | |
G055.342−64.356 | 23 13 24.09 | −15 19 16.0 | UX Aqr | Mi* | M4e | … | NN | |
G058.824+57.868 | 15 17 14.71 | +36 21 33.4 | RT Boo | Mi* | M6.5e | 35.00 | NN | |
G060.246−57.280 | 22 54 55.48 | −09 22 27.7 | TT Aqr | sr* | M3III | … | NN | |
G064.549+76.014 | 13 48 44.69 | +33 43 34.2 | RT CVn | Mi* | M5e: | −12 | YN | |
G069.300−72.233 | 23 52 14.54 | −15 51 17.2 | Z Aqr | sr* | M1/2Ib/II | 68.90 | NN | |
G070.786−60.449 | 23 18 58.18 | −07 18 50.9 | DM Aqr | Mi* | … | … | NN | |
G073.394−77.357 | 00 10 57.96 | −18 34 23.4 | AC Cet | LPV* | M3III | −12.90 | NN | |
G077.779−73.062 | 00 02 07.39 | −14 40 33.1 | W Cet | S* | S5.5-7/1.5 | 13.0 | NN | |
G083.632−79.140 | 00 22 30.89 | −18 32 45.2 | LPV* | M | … | 201.3 | NN | |
G085.581−67.859 | 23 57 54.07 | −08 57 31.2 | V Cet | Mi* | M3/5(III)e | 51 | YN | |
G093.803−63.776 | 00 01 38.63 | −03 45 23.3 | DU Psc | sr* | … | −14.09 | NN | |
G094.565−80.456 | 00 32 21.61 | −18 39 08.5 | ET Cet | sr* | M6 | … | NN | |
G096.925+58.455 | 14 22 52.92 | +53 48 37.3 | S Boo | Mi* | M5-6e | −17.00 | NN | |
G120.894−64.174 | 00 47 53.14 | −01 18 58.7 | SX Cet | sr* | … | … | NN | |
G131.720−64.091 | 01 06 45.20 | −01 28 51.8 | Z Cet | Mi* | M5-6e | 3 | YN | |
G133.797−53.388 | 01 17 34.56 | +08 55 52.0 | S Psc | Mi* | M5+-7e | 14.6 | YN | |
G134.760−49.278 | 01 22 58.48 | +12 52 04.0 | U Psc | Mi* | M4e | −35.0 | NN | |
G135.687−52.241 | 01 22 59.11 | +09 50 50.2 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G141.402+31.072 | 08 03 59.72 | +73 24 30.6 | SW Cam | Mi* | M5e | … | NN | |
G141.940−58.536 | 01 30 38.35 | +02 52 52.5 | R Psc | Mi* | M4-8e | −45 | YN | |
G144.537−70.053 | 01 20 37.11 | −08 24 52.6 | CU Cet | sr* | M2 | … | NN | |
G146.496−59.340 | 01 38 30.12 | +01 21 40.1 | SW Cet | LPV* | M5 | … | NN | |
G146.657−43.306 | 02 02 28.33 | +16 16 11.2 | RY Ari | LPV* | M6 | … | NN | |
G147.548−60.663 | 01 38 32.50 | −00 03 43.6 | LPV* | … | … | 168.8 | NN | |
G149.396−46.550 | 02 04 37.67 | +12 31 36.9 | S Ari | Mi* | M4-5e | −27.0 | NY | |
G150.794−47.560 | 02 06 27.29 | +11 12 46.1 | * | M0 | … | NN | ||
G152.650−53.296 | 02 00 42.61 | +05 31 53.7 | TT Psc | sr* | M4 | … | NN | |
G153.782−52.608 | 02 04 24.28 | +05 50 17.1 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G156.088−52.393 | 02 09 46.83 | +05 21 41.7 | * | M2 | … | NN | ||
G156.914−37.397 | 02 42 46.87 | +18 01 13.4 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G158.558−71.111 | 01 35 47.92 | −11 22 30.2 | FY Cet | sr* | M3/4III | … | NN | |
G158.741−40.144 | 02 41 44.10 | +14 56 12.3 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G159.484−38.173 | 02 48 12.39 | +16 16 28.3 | BD Ari | sr* | M7 | … | NN | |
G159.820−47.007 | 02 29 17.65 | +08 44 08.4 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G160.874−49.439 | 02 26 18.94 | +06 18 52.5 | * | M4 | … | NN | ||
G162.261−42.711 | 02 44 51.63 | +11 20 05.7 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G162.904−49.384 | 02 30 49.91 | +05 36 58.3 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G163.265−46.216 | 02 39 00.42 | +08 03 41.2 | * | M4.5 | … | NN | ||
G165.494−43.684 | 02 50 14.10 | +09 09 16.2 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G165.616−40.899 | 02 57 27.52 | +11 18 05.3 | YZ Ari | Mi* | M8 | 25 | 433.4 | YY |
G166.965−54.751 | 02 26 02.31 | −00 10 42.0 | R Cet | Mi* | M4-5e | 42.00 | YN | |
G168.980+37.738 | 08 40 49.50 | +50 08 11.9 | X UMa | Mi* | M4e | −83 | YY | |
G173.516−38.103 | 03 23 35.71 | +09 23 55.0 | * | M6.5 | … | NN | ||
G175.479+46.580 | 09 30 56.58 | +44 41 01.7 | * | M6 | 25.80 | NN | ||
G175.507+50.992 | 09 55 19.92 | +44 00 29.5 | YZ UMa | LPV* | M5V: | … | NN | |
G175.651−77.193 | 01 34 25.98 | −18 58 28.2 | AP Cet | sr* | M7 | … | NN | |
G176.154−30.578 | 03 51 44.23 | +13 06 28.8 | * | M6.5 | … | NN | ||
G177.272−37.906 | 03 32 32.90 | +07 25 32.2 | * | M5.5 | … | NN | ||
G177.576−33.940 | 03 44 59.43 | +09 56 36.0 | CH Tau | sr* | M1 | … | NN | |
G179.335+42.704 | 09 08 47.86 | +42 09 21.6 | DH Lyn | sr* | M7 | … | NN | |
G179.379+30.743 | 08 05 03.70 | +40 59 08.1 | IR | … | … | YY | ||
G179.553−33.716 | 03 50 06.63 | +08 52 09.0 | * | M7.5 | … | NN | ||
G180.069−36.185 | 03 43 43.89 | +06 55 30.5 | V1083 Tau | Mi* | M9 | 82 | YY | |
G180.829+32.784 | 08 16 46.88 | +40 07 53.3 | W Lyn | Mi* | M6 | … | YY | |
G181.209−73.392 | 01 50 33.86 | −17 39 00.9 | DH Cet | sr* | M5 | … | NN | |
G181.889−44.366 | 03 22 31.61 | +00 31 48.0 | * | M5.5 | … | NN | ||
G182.006−35.653 | 03 49 27.68 | +06 04 40.4 | V1191 Tau | Mi* | M8.5 | … | YY | |
G182.059−45.211 | 03 20 15.56 | −00 06 29.0 | * | M0 | … | NN | ||
G183.100+30.845 | 08 08 50.31 | +37 52 20.6 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G183.385+34.661 | 08 28 08.04 | +38 20 23.0 | RX Lyn | sr* | M | … | NN | |
G183.614+31.966 | 08 14 50.64 | +37 40 11.7 | RT Lyn | Mi* | M6e | … | NY | |
G184.565−83.387 | 01 16 52.83 | −23 50 40.1 | RT Cet | LPV* | M2 | … | NN | |
G184.714+33.826 | 08 24 55.36 | +37 06 53.1 | AGB* | M7 | … | NN | ||
G185.796+37.989 | 08 46 12.58 | +36 54 42.8 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G185.814+62.448 | 10 48 34.26 | +36 17 35.2 | * | M8 | … | NN | ||
G186.761+33.619 | 08 25 31.37 | +35 24 13.9 | X Lyn | Mi* | M5 | 7.0 | NN | |
G187.196+36.638 | 08 40 25.60 | +35 36 23.7 | AGB* | M | … | NN | ||
G188.099+48.741 | 09 40 15.16 | +36 06 19.0 | Z LMi | LPV* | M | … | NN | |
G188.152+51.648 | 09 54 38.71 | +36 05 22.8 | U LMi | sr* | M6 | −32 | NN | |
G188.344+50.247 | 09 47 42.79 | +35 58 15.1 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G188.664−39.190 | 03 51 15.85 | −00 15 53.8 | V* | M7 | … | NN | ||
G189.897−30.567 | 04 21 45.82 | +03 53 50.1 | * | M7.5 | … | NN | ||
G190.865+51.122 | 09 52 09.00 | +34 23 29.3 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G190.894+48.491 | 09 39 25.61 | +34 14 53.0 | VZ LMi | Mi* | M | … | 292.2 | NN |
G195.025−53.735 | 03 11 53.14 | −11 52 32.4 | SS Eri | Mi* | M5… | 48 | YY | |
G196.576+45.020 | 09 25 17.07 | +29 58 47.6 | TW Leo | LPV* | Me | … | 216.4 | NN |
G197.990+33.262 | 08 34 28.05 | +26 13 47.2 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G198.081+74.222 | 11 40 43.82 | +30 03 17.0 | AY UMa | LPV* | M3 | … | NN | |
G198.593−69.596 | 02 16 00.08 | −20 31 10.5 | RY Cet | Mi* | M6+e: | 16.0 | YY | |
G203.330+30.788 | 08 30 22.54 | +21 09 27.4 | * | M… | … | NN | ||
G203.660+52.559 | 10 02 41.02 | +26 41 36.0 | SV Leo | Mi* | M7 | … | NN | |
G204.101+32.634 | 08 38 46.63 | +21 09 32.7 | UV Cnc | LPV* | M0 | … | NN | |
G204.907+32.225 | 08 38 06.76 | +20 22 50.2 | DK Cnc | sr* | M3 | … | NN | |
G206.317+31.191 | 08 35 46.31 | +18 53 44.7 | U Cnc | Mi* | M2e | 72 | NN | |
G206.346+47.275 | 09 41 34.11 | +23 50 33.9 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G211.919+50.661 | 10 00 01.99 | +21 15 43.9 | V Leo | Mi* | M5-6e | −23.00 | YY | |
G212.108+46.532 | 09 43 25.67 | +19 51 40.0 | RS Leo | Mi* | M5e | … | NN | |
G212.164+57.683 | 10 29 21.56 | +23 03 44.9 | UY Leo | LPV* | M7III: | … | NN | |
G212.195+63.282 | 10 53 09.43 | +24 21 31.1 | RU Leo | LPV* | M3 | … | NN | |
G214.232+43.058 | 09 31 51.13 | +17 15 05.5 | LPV* | … | … | 177.7 | NN | |
G217.372+50.948 | 10 05 58.80 | +18 06 04.9 | V* | M8 | … | NN | ||
G218.786+51.178 | 10 08 14.78 | +17 21 30.6 | DD Leo | sr* | M8 | … | NN | |
G220.968+59.976 | 10 44 40.35 | +19 25 23.8 | EW Leo | sr* | M5 | … | NN | |
G223.002+48.943 | 10 04 15.94 | +13 58 57.7 | RY Leo | sr* | M2 | 22.00 | NN | |
G234.525+52.514 | 10 31 27.87 | +09 21 07.0 | * | M7 | … | NN | ||
G235.246+67.258 | 11 23 40.03 | +16 51 07.0 | TZ Leo | Mi* | M8 | 18.0 | YY | |
G236.412+81.845 | 12 18 46.68 | +23 38 43.2 | AB Com | Mi* | M | … | 195.6 | NN |
G238.855+56.995 | 10 52 11.04 | +09 48 55.2 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G239.757+46.896 | 10 20 50.19 | +03 21 09.0 | SZ Sex | Mi* | … | … | 147.9 | NN |
G243.022+46.682 | 10 25 43.90 | +01 28 08.7 | SY Sex | Mi* | … | … | 208.7 | NN |
G248.071−84.665 | 01 11 36.38 | −30 06 29.4 | U Scl | Mi* | M5e | −8 | YY | |
G250.569+57.710 | 11 10 50.78 | +05 27 34.7 | S Leo | Mi* | M6:e | 106 | NN | |
G254.436+65.121 | 11 36 54.77 | +09 31 45.9 | ZZ Leo | sr* | M0 | … | NN | |
G261.694+46.256 | 11 01 55.14 | −07 39 41.8 | RT Crt | Mi* | M8 | 41.00 | YY | |
G262.094+61.213 | 11 37 48.11 | +04 19 24.8 | IW Vir | LPV* | M5 | … | NN | |
G264.438+71.690 | 12 05 14.81 | +12 21 37.9 | SU Vir | Mi* | M2-5.5e | 19 | NN | |
G264.623+48.097 | 11 12 45.30 | −07 17 54.5 | U Crt | Mi* | M0e | … | NN | |
G268.755+80.079 | 12 27 57.87 | +18 48 08.5 | TV Com | LPV* | M2 | … | NN | |
G276.361+63.050 | 12 04 36.16 | +02 37 10.6 | TZ Vir | sr* | M5 | … | NN | |
G283.439+80.931 | 12 38 43.06 | +18 32 41.7 | DO Com | sr* | … | … | NN | |
G283.995+74.423 | 12 30 58.11 | +12 18 30.6 | CV Vir | Mi* | … | … | 148.4 | NN |
G289.779+69.653 | 12 33 08.38 | +07 15 00.3 | CI Vir | LPV* | M6 | … | NN | |
G289.879+76.356 | 12 38 51.52 | +13 48 13.9 | KM Com | LPV* | M2 | 23.7 | NN | |
G294.615+58.166 | 12 33 52.99 | −04 25 19.6 | Y Vir | Mi* | M5.5e: | 9 | NN | |
G309.119+49.507 | 13 07 55.40 | −13 09 58.9 | RV Vir | Mi* | A5 | 33 | NN | |
G311.686+77.932 | 12 58 59.74 | +15 11 21.7 | RX Com | Mi* | … | … | 210.5 | NN |
G312.284+53.849 | 13 13 41.63 | −08 37 05.7 | HH Vir | sr* | … | … | NN | |
G315.566+57.522 | 13 18 30.52 | −04 41 03.2 | VY Vir | Mi* | M3pev | … | YY | |
G320.482+58.454 | 13 27 48.13 | −03 10 22.9 | V Vir | Mi* | M5-6e | 33 | NN | |
G325.570+85.690 | 12 58 38.90 | +23 08 21.0 | T Com | Mi* | M2 | 15.0 | YY | |
G326.771+45.772 | 13 58 59.11 | −13 56 59.1 | * | M6 | … | NN | ||
G330.757+45.262 | 14 10 22.10 | −13 18 11.8 | Z Vir | Mi* | M5e | 68 | YN | |
G331.573+49.548 | 14 04 53.44 | −09 11 41.2 | RR Vir | Mi* | … | −43.0 | 215.7 | NN |
G331.781+33.351 | 14 35 49.00 | −23 36 29.4 | LX Lib | Mi* | … | −10.60 | NN | |
G332.578+54.382 | 13 58 37.59 | −04 34 32.8 | SY Vir | Mi* | M6 | … | NN | |
G333.388+33.799 | 14 39 59.87 | −22 34 26.2 | EP Lib | Mi* | … | … | NN | |
G334.109+36.043 | 14 37 29.14 | −20 19 41.2 | LY Lib | Mi* | … | … | YY | |
G335.504+35.524 | 14 42 46.26 | −20 12 36.1 | SX Lib | Mi* | M6e… | … | YY | |
G335.646+44.462 | 14 24 29.54 | −12 25 07.3 | V* | M1III | … | NN | ||
G335.670+35.438 | 14 43 27.21 | −20 12 53.3 | GS Lib | Mi* | M6 | … | NN | |
G336.386+35.873 | 14 44 36.98 | −19 32 28.2 | TW Lib | Mi* | … | 81.94 | NN | |
G336.532+38.006 | 14 40 22.18 | −17 39 26.9 | V Lib | Mi* | M5e | 15 | YN | |
G337.373+32.451 | 14 55 21.62 | −22 00 19.6 | EG Lib | Mi* | M5 | 5 | YY | |
G337.755+51.213 | 14 15 44.47 | −05 52 06.4 | CF Vir | Mi* | M5e | 44.03 | NN | |
G339.224+44.663 | 14 32 59.87 | −10 56 03.2 | KS Lib | Mi* | Me | … | YY | |
G339.938+43.686 | 14 36 54.68 | −11 28 40.8 | * | M6.5 | … | NN | ||
G340.371+66.478 | 13 48 08.49 | +07 49 13.2 | HX Boo | sr* | M5 | … | NN | |
G340.829+31.460 | 15 08 10.66 | −21 10 00.3 | YY Lib | Mi* | Me | … | YN | |
G342.142+33.667 | 15 06 26.19 | −18 43 56.2 | RT Lib | Mi* | M2.5-5.5e | 41.0 | NN | |
G342.197+32.029 | 15 10 44.36 | −20 01 08.4 | T Lib | Mi* | M4 | −48 | NN | |
G344.240+30.203 | 15 21 23.96 | −20 23 18.5 | S Lib | Mi* | M1.5-4e | 294.0 | NN | |
G345.104+35.879 | 15 08 54.49 | −15 29 51.0 | TT Lib | Mi* | M3e | −47.27 | NN | |
G346.039+45.775 | 14 46 18.42 | −07 15 49.9 | AQ Vir | Mi* | M5e | −4.0 | NN | |
G346.087+47.560 | 14 42 00.64 | −05 49 57.2 | XY Vir | Mi* | … | 29.89 | 154.8 | NN |
G348.715+50.518 | 14 39 59.19 | −02 26 48.6 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G349.797+58.296 | 14 21 51.90 | +03 54 27.8 | AO Vir | Mi* | M4 | … | NN | |
G350.237+30.144 | 15 38 05.25 | −17 01 54.2 | EK Lib | sr* | M7e | … | NN | |
G350.511+84.894 | 13 07 53.22 | +23 37 28.6 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G350.719+30.733 | 15 37 39.75 | −16 19 02.8 | IRC-20290 | IR | M7 | … | NN | |
G350.868+30.821 | 15 37 48.00 | −16 09 57.1 | W Lib | Mi* | … | 22.0 | NN | |
G351.579+32.192 | 15 35 41.95 | −14 45 16.3 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G352.221+57.421 | 14 28 03.54 | +04 06 33.3 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G353.548+50.630 | 14 48 52.46 | −00 19 37.0 | * | M7 | … | NN | ||
G353.826+42.588 | 15 11 41.26 | −06 00 41.2 | Y Lib | Mi* | M5.5e | −7.00 | YN | |
G356.016+48.746 | 14 58 42.58 | −00 33 16.5 | * | M6 | … | NN | ||
G356.642+59.618 | 14 28 30.27 | +07 17 37.1 | AP Vir | Mi? | M3 | … | YY | |
G358.057+46.657 | 15 08 32.60 | −01 00 45.2 | * | M6 | … | NN | ||
G358.765+67.787 | 14 06 29.61 | +13 29 05.5 | Z Boo | Mi* | M6e | 40 | NN |
Source . | RA (J2000) . | Dec. (J2000) . | Other . | Star . | Spectral . | V* . | Period . | Maser . |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
name . | (h:m:s) . | (d:m:s) . | name . | type . | type . | (km s−1) . | (days) . | detection . |
G000.760+51.066 | 15 00 12.98 | +03 15 41.7 | * | M5 | … | NN | ||
G001.856+72.531 | 13 53 55.19 | +17 16 50.1 | XZ Boo | LPV* | M5 | … | NN | |
G003.378+47.338 | 15 16 02.72 | +02 10 04.6 | Z Ser | sr* | M5 | −25.00 | NN | |
G003.602+43.085 | 15 29 38.03 | −00 23 45.8 | AM Ser | sr* | M2 | … | NN | |
G003.848+44.341 | 15 26 10.68 | +00 31 56.5 | V380 Ser | sr* | Me | … | NN | |
G004.482+32.104 | 16 05 46.29 | −06 42 27.8 | BD Oph | Mi* | M6e | −432.72 | YY | |
G006.077+30.607 | 16 13 53.44 | −06 32 16.4 | V2577 Oph | Mi* | … | … | NN | |
G008.104+45.840 | 15 28 43.67 | +03 49 43.6 | MW Ser | Mi* | M8 | … | YY | |
G010.937+35.609 | 16 07 08.16 | −00 18 53.6 | AI Ser | Mi* | … | … | NN | |
G011.025+53.268 | 15 08 25.77 | +09 36 18.4 | FV Boo | Mi? | M9III | … | YY | |
G011.131+37.023 | 16 02 49.18 | +00 36 40.6 | DW Ser | Mi* | M1e | … | NN | |
G011.159−41.196 | 21 04 36.85 | −33 16 47.3 | X Mic | Mi* | M… | 19.0 | YY | |
G012.097+32.492 | 16 19 37.28 | −01 15 47.2 | CM Ser | Mi* | … | −36.93 | 220.6 | NN |
G012.230−32.998 | 20 27 29.17 | −30 48 37.3 | V5556 Sgr | Mi* | M8 | … | NN | |
G012.444+38.278 | 16 00 58.08 | +02 10 27.9 | BC Ser | Mi* | M5e | 49 | NN | |
G012.901−63.916 | 22 53 30.71 | −32 55 39.9 | SS PsA | Mi* | … | … | NN | |
G014.428+52.730 | 15 14 41.21 | +11 03 31.6 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G015.405−35.139 | 20 40 02.99 | −28 47 31.2 | R Mic | Mi* | M4e | 10.00 | YN | |
G016.257+64.629 | 14 33 28.30 | +17 36 46.9 | CO Boo | Mi* | … | … | 280.0 | NN |
G016.831−45.308 | 21 26 44.10 | −29 51 04.7 | S Mic | Mi* | M3-5.5e | 49 | NN | |
G017.647−37.951 | 20 54 26.42 | −27 44 15.9 | RX Mic | Mi* | … | −51.01 | NN | |
G017.863+72.316 | 14 04 52.15 | +21 21 19.1 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G019.002−39.495 | 21 02 20.78 | −27 05 14.9 | RR Cap | Mi* | M6e: | −63 | YY | |
G019.408+42.783 | 15 56 29.69 | +09 01 50.2 | RU Ser | Mi* | … | 11.0 | 282.2 | NN |
G019.509−56.308 | 22 18 00.24 | −29 36 13.8 | R PsA | Mi* | M6+e | −25.0 | NN | |
G020.708−31.502 | 20 30 06.77 | −23 30 41.5 | AY Cap | sr* | … | 46.55 | NN | |
G021.290−47.410 | 21 38 41.87 | −27 12 34.1 | RV PsA | Mi* | … | −24.36 | NN | |
G021.343−32.293 | 20 34 07.64 | −23 14 58.6 | AK Cap | LPV* | M4III | … | NN | |
G021.513−53.023 | 22 03 45.83 | −28 03 04.2 | S PsA | Mi* | M3e | −92.0 | YN | |
G022.158+40.858 | 16 07 17.66 | +09 55 52.5 | U Ser | Mi* | M4-6e | −31.00 | YY | |
G022.461+33.819 | 16 32 55.55 | +06 51 29.7 | SS Her | Mi* | M0-5+e | −46.0 | NN | |
G022.943−31.448 | 20 32 34.16 | −21 41 26.5 | RU Cap | Mi* | M9 | −3 | YY | |
G023.139−38.703 | 21 02 42.82 | −23 46 54.8 | CE Cap | sr* | … | … | NN | |
G023.291−34.188 | 20 44 09.74 | −22 18 12.9 | CC Cap | sr* | M6.5 | … | NN | |
G023.376−39.816 | 21 07 36.63 | −23 55 13.4 | V Cap | Mi* | M5.5-6e | −36.0 | YY | |
G023.664+40.100 | 16 12 09.44 | +10 36 26.1 | DN Her | Mi* | M6.5 | −46.0 | NN | |
G025.952−42.117 | 21 19 37.45 | −22 42 26.9 | CH Cap | sr* | … | … | NN | |
G026.343−35.418 | 20 52 39.24 | −20 20 00.3 | BX Cap | LPV* | … | … | NN | |
G026.645−39.261 | 21 08 33.06 | −21 20 51.5 | X Cap | Mi* | M2e… | −37.55 | NN | |
G028.805−31.578 | 20 40 32.08 | −17 03 28.2 | TX Cap | Mi* | M4 | 9.0 | NN | |
G032.106−32.402 | 20 48 08.58 | −14 47 01.0 | U Cap | Mi* | M5.5e | … | 203.8 | NN |
G032.852−33.566 | 20 53 35.02 | −14 39 50.4 | XX Cap | LPV* | M5 | −15.68 | NN | |
G033.078−37.937 | 21 10 37.52 | −16 10 24.8 | Z Cap | Mi* | M2e: | −64 | NN | |
G033.245−56.048 | 22 23 12.94 | −22 03 25.5 | RT Aqr | Mi* | M5 | −34.00 | NN | |
G033.519−53.484 | 22 12 50.93 | −21 09 51.9 | AQ Aqr | Mi* | … | −90.68 | NN | |
G035.634−40.082 | 21 22 00.82 | −15 09 33.1 | T Cap | Mi* | M6e: | 42.00 | NN | |
G036.242−55.590 | 22 23 30.38 | −20 18 49.2 | KU Aqr | LPV* | M3III | … | NN | |
G037.206−55.581 | 22 24 13.46 | −19 47 42.7 | AV Aqr | Mi* | M | −73.0 | NN | |
G037.250−44.253 | 21 39 53.43 | −15 40 35.4 | CK Cap | LP? | … | … | NN | |
G038.070+66.469 | 14 37 11.58 | +26 44 11.7 | R Boo | Mi* | M4-8e | −58.00 | YY | |
G038.666−42.354 | 21 34 22.91 | −13 58 29.3 | Y Cap | Mi* | M8.5 | … | NN | |
G039.040−42.707 | 21 36 10.46 | −13 52 04.9 | UU Cap | sr* | M3/4III | −4.08 | NN | |
G041.021+62.253 | 14 56 41.05 | +27 30 25.2 | NP Boo | Mi* | … | … | NN | |
G041.037−51.361 | 22 11 13.36 | −16 07 47.2 | YY Aqr | sr* | … | … | NN | |
G041.058−50.181 | 22 06 44.98 | −15 38 40.3 | BM Aqr | sr* | M3(III) | −21.00 | NN | |
G041.181−31.735 | 20 59 00.66 | −07 32 29.4 | VV Aqr | Mi* | … | −183.18 | 140.7 | NN |
G041.307−63.037 | 22 57 06.46 | −20 20 35.7 | S Aqr | Mi* | M6e | −58 | NN | |
G041.346−64.747 | 23 04 00.56 | −20 54 24.0 | MN Aqr | Mi* | M7: | … | NN | |
G045.006−52.540 | 22 19 54.43 | −14 24 07.0 | SS Aqr | Mi* | M2 | 2 | NN | |
G045.032−36.798 | 21 23 03.67 | −07 06 29.4 | RZ Aqr | Mi* | M9 | … | NN | |
G045.734−38.770 | 21 31 06.50 | −07 34 20.4 | HY Aqr | Mi* | M8 | −20 | YN | |
G051.533−62.801 | 23 04 17.19 | −16 00 35.9 | EQ Aqr | sr* | M3/4 | … | NN | |
G051.533−62.801 | 23 04 17.19 | −16 00 35.9 | EQ Aqr | sr* | M3/4 | … | NN | |
G051.594−50.205 | 22 19 35.29 | −09 40 32.6 | ZZ Aqr | sr* | … | … | NN | |
G055.342−64.356 | 23 13 24.09 | −15 19 16.0 | UX Aqr | Mi* | M4e | … | NN | |
G058.824+57.868 | 15 17 14.71 | +36 21 33.4 | RT Boo | Mi* | M6.5e | 35.00 | NN | |
G060.246−57.280 | 22 54 55.48 | −09 22 27.7 | TT Aqr | sr* | M3III | … | NN | |
G064.549+76.014 | 13 48 44.69 | +33 43 34.2 | RT CVn | Mi* | M5e: | −12 | YN | |
G069.300−72.233 | 23 52 14.54 | −15 51 17.2 | Z Aqr | sr* | M1/2Ib/II | 68.90 | NN | |
G070.786−60.449 | 23 18 58.18 | −07 18 50.9 | DM Aqr | Mi* | … | … | NN | |
G073.394−77.357 | 00 10 57.96 | −18 34 23.4 | AC Cet | LPV* | M3III | −12.90 | NN | |
G077.779−73.062 | 00 02 07.39 | −14 40 33.1 | W Cet | S* | S5.5-7/1.5 | 13.0 | NN | |
G083.632−79.140 | 00 22 30.89 | −18 32 45.2 | LPV* | M | … | 201.3 | NN | |
G085.581−67.859 | 23 57 54.07 | −08 57 31.2 | V Cet | Mi* | M3/5(III)e | 51 | YN | |
G093.803−63.776 | 00 01 38.63 | −03 45 23.3 | DU Psc | sr* | … | −14.09 | NN | |
G094.565−80.456 | 00 32 21.61 | −18 39 08.5 | ET Cet | sr* | M6 | … | NN | |
G096.925+58.455 | 14 22 52.92 | +53 48 37.3 | S Boo | Mi* | M5-6e | −17.00 | NN | |
G120.894−64.174 | 00 47 53.14 | −01 18 58.7 | SX Cet | sr* | … | … | NN | |
G131.720−64.091 | 01 06 45.20 | −01 28 51.8 | Z Cet | Mi* | M5-6e | 3 | YN | |
G133.797−53.388 | 01 17 34.56 | +08 55 52.0 | S Psc | Mi* | M5+-7e | 14.6 | YN | |
G134.760−49.278 | 01 22 58.48 | +12 52 04.0 | U Psc | Mi* | M4e | −35.0 | NN | |
G135.687−52.241 | 01 22 59.11 | +09 50 50.2 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G141.402+31.072 | 08 03 59.72 | +73 24 30.6 | SW Cam | Mi* | M5e | … | NN | |
G141.940−58.536 | 01 30 38.35 | +02 52 52.5 | R Psc | Mi* | M4-8e | −45 | YN | |
G144.537−70.053 | 01 20 37.11 | −08 24 52.6 | CU Cet | sr* | M2 | … | NN | |
G146.496−59.340 | 01 38 30.12 | +01 21 40.1 | SW Cet | LPV* | M5 | … | NN | |
G146.657−43.306 | 02 02 28.33 | +16 16 11.2 | RY Ari | LPV* | M6 | … | NN | |
G147.548−60.663 | 01 38 32.50 | −00 03 43.6 | LPV* | … | … | 168.8 | NN | |
G149.396−46.550 | 02 04 37.67 | +12 31 36.9 | S Ari | Mi* | M4-5e | −27.0 | NY | |
G150.794−47.560 | 02 06 27.29 | +11 12 46.1 | * | M0 | … | NN | ||
G152.650−53.296 | 02 00 42.61 | +05 31 53.7 | TT Psc | sr* | M4 | … | NN | |
G153.782−52.608 | 02 04 24.28 | +05 50 17.1 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G156.088−52.393 | 02 09 46.83 | +05 21 41.7 | * | M2 | … | NN | ||
G156.914−37.397 | 02 42 46.87 | +18 01 13.4 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G158.558−71.111 | 01 35 47.92 | −11 22 30.2 | FY Cet | sr* | M3/4III | … | NN | |
G158.741−40.144 | 02 41 44.10 | +14 56 12.3 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G159.484−38.173 | 02 48 12.39 | +16 16 28.3 | BD Ari | sr* | M7 | … | NN | |
G159.820−47.007 | 02 29 17.65 | +08 44 08.4 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G160.874−49.439 | 02 26 18.94 | +06 18 52.5 | * | M4 | … | NN | ||
G162.261−42.711 | 02 44 51.63 | +11 20 05.7 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G162.904−49.384 | 02 30 49.91 | +05 36 58.3 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G163.265−46.216 | 02 39 00.42 | +08 03 41.2 | * | M4.5 | … | NN | ||
G165.494−43.684 | 02 50 14.10 | +09 09 16.2 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G165.616−40.899 | 02 57 27.52 | +11 18 05.3 | YZ Ari | Mi* | M8 | 25 | 433.4 | YY |
G166.965−54.751 | 02 26 02.31 | −00 10 42.0 | R Cet | Mi* | M4-5e | 42.00 | YN | |
G168.980+37.738 | 08 40 49.50 | +50 08 11.9 | X UMa | Mi* | M4e | −83 | YY | |
G173.516−38.103 | 03 23 35.71 | +09 23 55.0 | * | M6.5 | … | NN | ||
G175.479+46.580 | 09 30 56.58 | +44 41 01.7 | * | M6 | 25.80 | NN | ||
G175.507+50.992 | 09 55 19.92 | +44 00 29.5 | YZ UMa | LPV* | M5V: | … | NN | |
G175.651−77.193 | 01 34 25.98 | −18 58 28.2 | AP Cet | sr* | M7 | … | NN | |
G176.154−30.578 | 03 51 44.23 | +13 06 28.8 | * | M6.5 | … | NN | ||
G177.272−37.906 | 03 32 32.90 | +07 25 32.2 | * | M5.5 | … | NN | ||
G177.576−33.940 | 03 44 59.43 | +09 56 36.0 | CH Tau | sr* | M1 | … | NN | |
G179.335+42.704 | 09 08 47.86 | +42 09 21.6 | DH Lyn | sr* | M7 | … | NN | |
G179.379+30.743 | 08 05 03.70 | +40 59 08.1 | IR | … | … | YY | ||
G179.553−33.716 | 03 50 06.63 | +08 52 09.0 | * | M7.5 | … | NN | ||
G180.069−36.185 | 03 43 43.89 | +06 55 30.5 | V1083 Tau | Mi* | M9 | 82 | YY | |
G180.829+32.784 | 08 16 46.88 | +40 07 53.3 | W Lyn | Mi* | M6 | … | YY | |
G181.209−73.392 | 01 50 33.86 | −17 39 00.9 | DH Cet | sr* | M5 | … | NN | |
G181.889−44.366 | 03 22 31.61 | +00 31 48.0 | * | M5.5 | … | NN | ||
G182.006−35.653 | 03 49 27.68 | +06 04 40.4 | V1191 Tau | Mi* | M8.5 | … | YY | |
G182.059−45.211 | 03 20 15.56 | −00 06 29.0 | * | M0 | … | NN | ||
G183.100+30.845 | 08 08 50.31 | +37 52 20.6 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G183.385+34.661 | 08 28 08.04 | +38 20 23.0 | RX Lyn | sr* | M | … | NN | |
G183.614+31.966 | 08 14 50.64 | +37 40 11.7 | RT Lyn | Mi* | M6e | … | NY | |
G184.565−83.387 | 01 16 52.83 | −23 50 40.1 | RT Cet | LPV* | M2 | … | NN | |
G184.714+33.826 | 08 24 55.36 | +37 06 53.1 | AGB* | M7 | … | NN | ||
G185.796+37.989 | 08 46 12.58 | +36 54 42.8 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G185.814+62.448 | 10 48 34.26 | +36 17 35.2 | * | M8 | … | NN | ||
G186.761+33.619 | 08 25 31.37 | +35 24 13.9 | X Lyn | Mi* | M5 | 7.0 | NN | |
G187.196+36.638 | 08 40 25.60 | +35 36 23.7 | AGB* | M | … | NN | ||
G188.099+48.741 | 09 40 15.16 | +36 06 19.0 | Z LMi | LPV* | M | … | NN | |
G188.152+51.648 | 09 54 38.71 | +36 05 22.8 | U LMi | sr* | M6 | −32 | NN | |
G188.344+50.247 | 09 47 42.79 | +35 58 15.1 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G188.664−39.190 | 03 51 15.85 | −00 15 53.8 | V* | M7 | … | NN | ||
G189.897−30.567 | 04 21 45.82 | +03 53 50.1 | * | M7.5 | … | NN | ||
G190.865+51.122 | 09 52 09.00 | +34 23 29.3 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G190.894+48.491 | 09 39 25.61 | +34 14 53.0 | VZ LMi | Mi* | M | … | 292.2 | NN |
G195.025−53.735 | 03 11 53.14 | −11 52 32.4 | SS Eri | Mi* | M5… | 48 | YY | |
G196.576+45.020 | 09 25 17.07 | +29 58 47.6 | TW Leo | LPV* | Me | … | 216.4 | NN |
G197.990+33.262 | 08 34 28.05 | +26 13 47.2 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G198.081+74.222 | 11 40 43.82 | +30 03 17.0 | AY UMa | LPV* | M3 | … | NN | |
G198.593−69.596 | 02 16 00.08 | −20 31 10.5 | RY Cet | Mi* | M6+e: | 16.0 | YY | |
G203.330+30.788 | 08 30 22.54 | +21 09 27.4 | * | M… | … | NN | ||
G203.660+52.559 | 10 02 41.02 | +26 41 36.0 | SV Leo | Mi* | M7 | … | NN | |
G204.101+32.634 | 08 38 46.63 | +21 09 32.7 | UV Cnc | LPV* | M0 | … | NN | |
G204.907+32.225 | 08 38 06.76 | +20 22 50.2 | DK Cnc | sr* | M3 | … | NN | |
G206.317+31.191 | 08 35 46.31 | +18 53 44.7 | U Cnc | Mi* | M2e | 72 | NN | |
G206.346+47.275 | 09 41 34.11 | +23 50 33.9 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G211.919+50.661 | 10 00 01.99 | +21 15 43.9 | V Leo | Mi* | M5-6e | −23.00 | YY | |
G212.108+46.532 | 09 43 25.67 | +19 51 40.0 | RS Leo | Mi* | M5e | … | NN | |
G212.164+57.683 | 10 29 21.56 | +23 03 44.9 | UY Leo | LPV* | M7III: | … | NN | |
G212.195+63.282 | 10 53 09.43 | +24 21 31.1 | RU Leo | LPV* | M3 | … | NN | |
G214.232+43.058 | 09 31 51.13 | +17 15 05.5 | LPV* | … | … | 177.7 | NN | |
G217.372+50.948 | 10 05 58.80 | +18 06 04.9 | V* | M8 | … | NN | ||
G218.786+51.178 | 10 08 14.78 | +17 21 30.6 | DD Leo | sr* | M8 | … | NN | |
G220.968+59.976 | 10 44 40.35 | +19 25 23.8 | EW Leo | sr* | M5 | … | NN | |
G223.002+48.943 | 10 04 15.94 | +13 58 57.7 | RY Leo | sr* | M2 | 22.00 | NN | |
G234.525+52.514 | 10 31 27.87 | +09 21 07.0 | * | M7 | … | NN | ||
G235.246+67.258 | 11 23 40.03 | +16 51 07.0 | TZ Leo | Mi* | M8 | 18.0 | YY | |
G236.412+81.845 | 12 18 46.68 | +23 38 43.2 | AB Com | Mi* | M | … | 195.6 | NN |
G238.855+56.995 | 10 52 11.04 | +09 48 55.2 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G239.757+46.896 | 10 20 50.19 | +03 21 09.0 | SZ Sex | Mi* | … | … | 147.9 | NN |
G243.022+46.682 | 10 25 43.90 | +01 28 08.7 | SY Sex | Mi* | … | … | 208.7 | NN |
G248.071−84.665 | 01 11 36.38 | −30 06 29.4 | U Scl | Mi* | M5e | −8 | YY | |
G250.569+57.710 | 11 10 50.78 | +05 27 34.7 | S Leo | Mi* | M6:e | 106 | NN | |
G254.436+65.121 | 11 36 54.77 | +09 31 45.9 | ZZ Leo | sr* | M0 | … | NN | |
G261.694+46.256 | 11 01 55.14 | −07 39 41.8 | RT Crt | Mi* | M8 | 41.00 | YY | |
G262.094+61.213 | 11 37 48.11 | +04 19 24.8 | IW Vir | LPV* | M5 | … | NN | |
G264.438+71.690 | 12 05 14.81 | +12 21 37.9 | SU Vir | Mi* | M2-5.5e | 19 | NN | |
G264.623+48.097 | 11 12 45.30 | −07 17 54.5 | U Crt | Mi* | M0e | … | NN | |
G268.755+80.079 | 12 27 57.87 | +18 48 08.5 | TV Com | LPV* | M2 | … | NN | |
G276.361+63.050 | 12 04 36.16 | +02 37 10.6 | TZ Vir | sr* | M5 | … | NN | |
G283.439+80.931 | 12 38 43.06 | +18 32 41.7 | DO Com | sr* | … | … | NN | |
G283.995+74.423 | 12 30 58.11 | +12 18 30.6 | CV Vir | Mi* | … | … | 148.4 | NN |
G289.779+69.653 | 12 33 08.38 | +07 15 00.3 | CI Vir | LPV* | M6 | … | NN | |
G289.879+76.356 | 12 38 51.52 | +13 48 13.9 | KM Com | LPV* | M2 | 23.7 | NN | |
G294.615+58.166 | 12 33 52.99 | −04 25 19.6 | Y Vir | Mi* | M5.5e: | 9 | NN | |
G309.119+49.507 | 13 07 55.40 | −13 09 58.9 | RV Vir | Mi* | A5 | 33 | NN | |
G311.686+77.932 | 12 58 59.74 | +15 11 21.7 | RX Com | Mi* | … | … | 210.5 | NN |
G312.284+53.849 | 13 13 41.63 | −08 37 05.7 | HH Vir | sr* | … | … | NN | |
G315.566+57.522 | 13 18 30.52 | −04 41 03.2 | VY Vir | Mi* | M3pev | … | YY | |
G320.482+58.454 | 13 27 48.13 | −03 10 22.9 | V Vir | Mi* | M5-6e | 33 | NN | |
G325.570+85.690 | 12 58 38.90 | +23 08 21.0 | T Com | Mi* | M2 | 15.0 | YY | |
G326.771+45.772 | 13 58 59.11 | −13 56 59.1 | * | M6 | … | NN | ||
G330.757+45.262 | 14 10 22.10 | −13 18 11.8 | Z Vir | Mi* | M5e | 68 | YN | |
G331.573+49.548 | 14 04 53.44 | −09 11 41.2 | RR Vir | Mi* | … | −43.0 | 215.7 | NN |
G331.781+33.351 | 14 35 49.00 | −23 36 29.4 | LX Lib | Mi* | … | −10.60 | NN | |
G332.578+54.382 | 13 58 37.59 | −04 34 32.8 | SY Vir | Mi* | M6 | … | NN | |
G333.388+33.799 | 14 39 59.87 | −22 34 26.2 | EP Lib | Mi* | … | … | NN | |
G334.109+36.043 | 14 37 29.14 | −20 19 41.2 | LY Lib | Mi* | … | … | YY | |
G335.504+35.524 | 14 42 46.26 | −20 12 36.1 | SX Lib | Mi* | M6e… | … | YY | |
G335.646+44.462 | 14 24 29.54 | −12 25 07.3 | V* | M1III | … | NN | ||
G335.670+35.438 | 14 43 27.21 | −20 12 53.3 | GS Lib | Mi* | M6 | … | NN | |
G336.386+35.873 | 14 44 36.98 | −19 32 28.2 | TW Lib | Mi* | … | 81.94 | NN | |
G336.532+38.006 | 14 40 22.18 | −17 39 26.9 | V Lib | Mi* | M5e | 15 | YN | |
G337.373+32.451 | 14 55 21.62 | −22 00 19.6 | EG Lib | Mi* | M5 | 5 | YY | |
G337.755+51.213 | 14 15 44.47 | −05 52 06.4 | CF Vir | Mi* | M5e | 44.03 | NN | |
G339.224+44.663 | 14 32 59.87 | −10 56 03.2 | KS Lib | Mi* | Me | … | YY | |
G339.938+43.686 | 14 36 54.68 | −11 28 40.8 | * | M6.5 | … | NN | ||
G340.371+66.478 | 13 48 08.49 | +07 49 13.2 | HX Boo | sr* | M5 | … | NN | |
G340.829+31.460 | 15 08 10.66 | −21 10 00.3 | YY Lib | Mi* | Me | … | YN | |
G342.142+33.667 | 15 06 26.19 | −18 43 56.2 | RT Lib | Mi* | M2.5-5.5e | 41.0 | NN | |
G342.197+32.029 | 15 10 44.36 | −20 01 08.4 | T Lib | Mi* | M4 | −48 | NN | |
G344.240+30.203 | 15 21 23.96 | −20 23 18.5 | S Lib | Mi* | M1.5-4e | 294.0 | NN | |
G345.104+35.879 | 15 08 54.49 | −15 29 51.0 | TT Lib | Mi* | M3e | −47.27 | NN | |
G346.039+45.775 | 14 46 18.42 | −07 15 49.9 | AQ Vir | Mi* | M5e | −4.0 | NN | |
G346.087+47.560 | 14 42 00.64 | −05 49 57.2 | XY Vir | Mi* | … | 29.89 | 154.8 | NN |
G348.715+50.518 | 14 39 59.19 | −02 26 48.6 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G349.797+58.296 | 14 21 51.90 | +03 54 27.8 | AO Vir | Mi* | M4 | … | NN | |
G350.237+30.144 | 15 38 05.25 | −17 01 54.2 | EK Lib | sr* | M7e | … | NN | |
G350.511+84.894 | 13 07 53.22 | +23 37 28.6 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G350.719+30.733 | 15 37 39.75 | −16 19 02.8 | IRC-20290 | IR | M7 | … | NN | |
G350.868+30.821 | 15 37 48.00 | −16 09 57.1 | W Lib | Mi* | … | 22.0 | NN | |
G351.579+32.192 | 15 35 41.95 | −14 45 16.3 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G352.221+57.421 | 14 28 03.54 | +04 06 33.3 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G353.548+50.630 | 14 48 52.46 | −00 19 37.0 | * | M7 | … | NN | ||
G353.826+42.588 | 15 11 41.26 | −06 00 41.2 | Y Lib | Mi* | M5.5e | −7.00 | YN | |
G356.016+48.746 | 14 58 42.58 | −00 33 16.5 | * | M6 | … | NN | ||
G356.642+59.618 | 14 28 30.27 | +07 17 37.1 | AP Vir | Mi? | M3 | … | YY | |
G358.057+46.657 | 15 08 32.60 | −01 00 45.2 | * | M6 | … | NN | ||
G358.765+67.787 | 14 06 29.61 | +13 29 05.5 | Z Boo | Mi* | M6e | 40 | NN |
Column 1 gives Galactic-coordinate notated source names; columns 2 and 3 equatorial coordinates; column 4 Bayer designation names of variables; columns 5 and 6 stellar and spectral types; column 7 radial velocities; column 8 periods; column 9 denote detections for v = 1 and 2 SiO J = 1–0 maser lines.
Source . | RA (J2000) . | Dec. (J2000) . | Other . | Star . | Spectral . | V* . | Period . | Maser . |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
name . | (h:m:s) . | (d:m:s) . | name . | type . | type . | (km s−1) . | (days) . | detection . |
G000.760+51.066 | 15 00 12.98 | +03 15 41.7 | * | M5 | … | NN | ||
G001.856+72.531 | 13 53 55.19 | +17 16 50.1 | XZ Boo | LPV* | M5 | … | NN | |
G003.378+47.338 | 15 16 02.72 | +02 10 04.6 | Z Ser | sr* | M5 | −25.00 | NN | |
G003.602+43.085 | 15 29 38.03 | −00 23 45.8 | AM Ser | sr* | M2 | … | NN | |
G003.848+44.341 | 15 26 10.68 | +00 31 56.5 | V380 Ser | sr* | Me | … | NN | |
G004.482+32.104 | 16 05 46.29 | −06 42 27.8 | BD Oph | Mi* | M6e | −432.72 | YY | |
G006.077+30.607 | 16 13 53.44 | −06 32 16.4 | V2577 Oph | Mi* | … | … | NN | |
G008.104+45.840 | 15 28 43.67 | +03 49 43.6 | MW Ser | Mi* | M8 | … | YY | |
G010.937+35.609 | 16 07 08.16 | −00 18 53.6 | AI Ser | Mi* | … | … | NN | |
G011.025+53.268 | 15 08 25.77 | +09 36 18.4 | FV Boo | Mi? | M9III | … | YY | |
G011.131+37.023 | 16 02 49.18 | +00 36 40.6 | DW Ser | Mi* | M1e | … | NN | |
G011.159−41.196 | 21 04 36.85 | −33 16 47.3 | X Mic | Mi* | M… | 19.0 | YY | |
G012.097+32.492 | 16 19 37.28 | −01 15 47.2 | CM Ser | Mi* | … | −36.93 | 220.6 | NN |
G012.230−32.998 | 20 27 29.17 | −30 48 37.3 | V5556 Sgr | Mi* | M8 | … | NN | |
G012.444+38.278 | 16 00 58.08 | +02 10 27.9 | BC Ser | Mi* | M5e | 49 | NN | |
G012.901−63.916 | 22 53 30.71 | −32 55 39.9 | SS PsA | Mi* | … | … | NN | |
G014.428+52.730 | 15 14 41.21 | +11 03 31.6 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G015.405−35.139 | 20 40 02.99 | −28 47 31.2 | R Mic | Mi* | M4e | 10.00 | YN | |
G016.257+64.629 | 14 33 28.30 | +17 36 46.9 | CO Boo | Mi* | … | … | 280.0 | NN |
G016.831−45.308 | 21 26 44.10 | −29 51 04.7 | S Mic | Mi* | M3-5.5e | 49 | NN | |
G017.647−37.951 | 20 54 26.42 | −27 44 15.9 | RX Mic | Mi* | … | −51.01 | NN | |
G017.863+72.316 | 14 04 52.15 | +21 21 19.1 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G019.002−39.495 | 21 02 20.78 | −27 05 14.9 | RR Cap | Mi* | M6e: | −63 | YY | |
G019.408+42.783 | 15 56 29.69 | +09 01 50.2 | RU Ser | Mi* | … | 11.0 | 282.2 | NN |
G019.509−56.308 | 22 18 00.24 | −29 36 13.8 | R PsA | Mi* | M6+e | −25.0 | NN | |
G020.708−31.502 | 20 30 06.77 | −23 30 41.5 | AY Cap | sr* | … | 46.55 | NN | |
G021.290−47.410 | 21 38 41.87 | −27 12 34.1 | RV PsA | Mi* | … | −24.36 | NN | |
G021.343−32.293 | 20 34 07.64 | −23 14 58.6 | AK Cap | LPV* | M4III | … | NN | |
G021.513−53.023 | 22 03 45.83 | −28 03 04.2 | S PsA | Mi* | M3e | −92.0 | YN | |
G022.158+40.858 | 16 07 17.66 | +09 55 52.5 | U Ser | Mi* | M4-6e | −31.00 | YY | |
G022.461+33.819 | 16 32 55.55 | +06 51 29.7 | SS Her | Mi* | M0-5+e | −46.0 | NN | |
G022.943−31.448 | 20 32 34.16 | −21 41 26.5 | RU Cap | Mi* | M9 | −3 | YY | |
G023.139−38.703 | 21 02 42.82 | −23 46 54.8 | CE Cap | sr* | … | … | NN | |
G023.291−34.188 | 20 44 09.74 | −22 18 12.9 | CC Cap | sr* | M6.5 | … | NN | |
G023.376−39.816 | 21 07 36.63 | −23 55 13.4 | V Cap | Mi* | M5.5-6e | −36.0 | YY | |
G023.664+40.100 | 16 12 09.44 | +10 36 26.1 | DN Her | Mi* | M6.5 | −46.0 | NN | |
G025.952−42.117 | 21 19 37.45 | −22 42 26.9 | CH Cap | sr* | … | … | NN | |
G026.343−35.418 | 20 52 39.24 | −20 20 00.3 | BX Cap | LPV* | … | … | NN | |
G026.645−39.261 | 21 08 33.06 | −21 20 51.5 | X Cap | Mi* | M2e… | −37.55 | NN | |
G028.805−31.578 | 20 40 32.08 | −17 03 28.2 | TX Cap | Mi* | M4 | 9.0 | NN | |
G032.106−32.402 | 20 48 08.58 | −14 47 01.0 | U Cap | Mi* | M5.5e | … | 203.8 | NN |
G032.852−33.566 | 20 53 35.02 | −14 39 50.4 | XX Cap | LPV* | M5 | −15.68 | NN | |
G033.078−37.937 | 21 10 37.52 | −16 10 24.8 | Z Cap | Mi* | M2e: | −64 | NN | |
G033.245−56.048 | 22 23 12.94 | −22 03 25.5 | RT Aqr | Mi* | M5 | −34.00 | NN | |
G033.519−53.484 | 22 12 50.93 | −21 09 51.9 | AQ Aqr | Mi* | … | −90.68 | NN | |
G035.634−40.082 | 21 22 00.82 | −15 09 33.1 | T Cap | Mi* | M6e: | 42.00 | NN | |
G036.242−55.590 | 22 23 30.38 | −20 18 49.2 | KU Aqr | LPV* | M3III | … | NN | |
G037.206−55.581 | 22 24 13.46 | −19 47 42.7 | AV Aqr | Mi* | M | −73.0 | NN | |
G037.250−44.253 | 21 39 53.43 | −15 40 35.4 | CK Cap | LP? | … | … | NN | |
G038.070+66.469 | 14 37 11.58 | +26 44 11.7 | R Boo | Mi* | M4-8e | −58.00 | YY | |
G038.666−42.354 | 21 34 22.91 | −13 58 29.3 | Y Cap | Mi* | M8.5 | … | NN | |
G039.040−42.707 | 21 36 10.46 | −13 52 04.9 | UU Cap | sr* | M3/4III | −4.08 | NN | |
G041.021+62.253 | 14 56 41.05 | +27 30 25.2 | NP Boo | Mi* | … | … | NN | |
G041.037−51.361 | 22 11 13.36 | −16 07 47.2 | YY Aqr | sr* | … | … | NN | |
G041.058−50.181 | 22 06 44.98 | −15 38 40.3 | BM Aqr | sr* | M3(III) | −21.00 | NN | |
G041.181−31.735 | 20 59 00.66 | −07 32 29.4 | VV Aqr | Mi* | … | −183.18 | 140.7 | NN |
G041.307−63.037 | 22 57 06.46 | −20 20 35.7 | S Aqr | Mi* | M6e | −58 | NN | |
G041.346−64.747 | 23 04 00.56 | −20 54 24.0 | MN Aqr | Mi* | M7: | … | NN | |
G045.006−52.540 | 22 19 54.43 | −14 24 07.0 | SS Aqr | Mi* | M2 | 2 | NN | |
G045.032−36.798 | 21 23 03.67 | −07 06 29.4 | RZ Aqr | Mi* | M9 | … | NN | |
G045.734−38.770 | 21 31 06.50 | −07 34 20.4 | HY Aqr | Mi* | M8 | −20 | YN | |
G051.533−62.801 | 23 04 17.19 | −16 00 35.9 | EQ Aqr | sr* | M3/4 | … | NN | |
G051.533−62.801 | 23 04 17.19 | −16 00 35.9 | EQ Aqr | sr* | M3/4 | … | NN | |
G051.594−50.205 | 22 19 35.29 | −09 40 32.6 | ZZ Aqr | sr* | … | … | NN | |
G055.342−64.356 | 23 13 24.09 | −15 19 16.0 | UX Aqr | Mi* | M4e | … | NN | |
G058.824+57.868 | 15 17 14.71 | +36 21 33.4 | RT Boo | Mi* | M6.5e | 35.00 | NN | |
G060.246−57.280 | 22 54 55.48 | −09 22 27.7 | TT Aqr | sr* | M3III | … | NN | |
G064.549+76.014 | 13 48 44.69 | +33 43 34.2 | RT CVn | Mi* | M5e: | −12 | YN | |
G069.300−72.233 | 23 52 14.54 | −15 51 17.2 | Z Aqr | sr* | M1/2Ib/II | 68.90 | NN | |
G070.786−60.449 | 23 18 58.18 | −07 18 50.9 | DM Aqr | Mi* | … | … | NN | |
G073.394−77.357 | 00 10 57.96 | −18 34 23.4 | AC Cet | LPV* | M3III | −12.90 | NN | |
G077.779−73.062 | 00 02 07.39 | −14 40 33.1 | W Cet | S* | S5.5-7/1.5 | 13.0 | NN | |
G083.632−79.140 | 00 22 30.89 | −18 32 45.2 | LPV* | M | … | 201.3 | NN | |
G085.581−67.859 | 23 57 54.07 | −08 57 31.2 | V Cet | Mi* | M3/5(III)e | 51 | YN | |
G093.803−63.776 | 00 01 38.63 | −03 45 23.3 | DU Psc | sr* | … | −14.09 | NN | |
G094.565−80.456 | 00 32 21.61 | −18 39 08.5 | ET Cet | sr* | M6 | … | NN | |
G096.925+58.455 | 14 22 52.92 | +53 48 37.3 | S Boo | Mi* | M5-6e | −17.00 | NN | |
G120.894−64.174 | 00 47 53.14 | −01 18 58.7 | SX Cet | sr* | … | … | NN | |
G131.720−64.091 | 01 06 45.20 | −01 28 51.8 | Z Cet | Mi* | M5-6e | 3 | YN | |
G133.797−53.388 | 01 17 34.56 | +08 55 52.0 | S Psc | Mi* | M5+-7e | 14.6 | YN | |
G134.760−49.278 | 01 22 58.48 | +12 52 04.0 | U Psc | Mi* | M4e | −35.0 | NN | |
G135.687−52.241 | 01 22 59.11 | +09 50 50.2 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G141.402+31.072 | 08 03 59.72 | +73 24 30.6 | SW Cam | Mi* | M5e | … | NN | |
G141.940−58.536 | 01 30 38.35 | +02 52 52.5 | R Psc | Mi* | M4-8e | −45 | YN | |
G144.537−70.053 | 01 20 37.11 | −08 24 52.6 | CU Cet | sr* | M2 | … | NN | |
G146.496−59.340 | 01 38 30.12 | +01 21 40.1 | SW Cet | LPV* | M5 | … | NN | |
G146.657−43.306 | 02 02 28.33 | +16 16 11.2 | RY Ari | LPV* | M6 | … | NN | |
G147.548−60.663 | 01 38 32.50 | −00 03 43.6 | LPV* | … | … | 168.8 | NN | |
G149.396−46.550 | 02 04 37.67 | +12 31 36.9 | S Ari | Mi* | M4-5e | −27.0 | NY | |
G150.794−47.560 | 02 06 27.29 | +11 12 46.1 | * | M0 | … | NN | ||
G152.650−53.296 | 02 00 42.61 | +05 31 53.7 | TT Psc | sr* | M4 | … | NN | |
G153.782−52.608 | 02 04 24.28 | +05 50 17.1 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G156.088−52.393 | 02 09 46.83 | +05 21 41.7 | * | M2 | … | NN | ||
G156.914−37.397 | 02 42 46.87 | +18 01 13.4 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G158.558−71.111 | 01 35 47.92 | −11 22 30.2 | FY Cet | sr* | M3/4III | … | NN | |
G158.741−40.144 | 02 41 44.10 | +14 56 12.3 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G159.484−38.173 | 02 48 12.39 | +16 16 28.3 | BD Ari | sr* | M7 | … | NN | |
G159.820−47.007 | 02 29 17.65 | +08 44 08.4 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G160.874−49.439 | 02 26 18.94 | +06 18 52.5 | * | M4 | … | NN | ||
G162.261−42.711 | 02 44 51.63 | +11 20 05.7 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G162.904−49.384 | 02 30 49.91 | +05 36 58.3 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G163.265−46.216 | 02 39 00.42 | +08 03 41.2 | * | M4.5 | … | NN | ||
G165.494−43.684 | 02 50 14.10 | +09 09 16.2 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G165.616−40.899 | 02 57 27.52 | +11 18 05.3 | YZ Ari | Mi* | M8 | 25 | 433.4 | YY |
G166.965−54.751 | 02 26 02.31 | −00 10 42.0 | R Cet | Mi* | M4-5e | 42.00 | YN | |
G168.980+37.738 | 08 40 49.50 | +50 08 11.9 | X UMa | Mi* | M4e | −83 | YY | |
G173.516−38.103 | 03 23 35.71 | +09 23 55.0 | * | M6.5 | … | NN | ||
G175.479+46.580 | 09 30 56.58 | +44 41 01.7 | * | M6 | 25.80 | NN | ||
G175.507+50.992 | 09 55 19.92 | +44 00 29.5 | YZ UMa | LPV* | M5V: | … | NN | |
G175.651−77.193 | 01 34 25.98 | −18 58 28.2 | AP Cet | sr* | M7 | … | NN | |
G176.154−30.578 | 03 51 44.23 | +13 06 28.8 | * | M6.5 | … | NN | ||
G177.272−37.906 | 03 32 32.90 | +07 25 32.2 | * | M5.5 | … | NN | ||
G177.576−33.940 | 03 44 59.43 | +09 56 36.0 | CH Tau | sr* | M1 | … | NN | |
G179.335+42.704 | 09 08 47.86 | +42 09 21.6 | DH Lyn | sr* | M7 | … | NN | |
G179.379+30.743 | 08 05 03.70 | +40 59 08.1 | IR | … | … | YY | ||
G179.553−33.716 | 03 50 06.63 | +08 52 09.0 | * | M7.5 | … | NN | ||
G180.069−36.185 | 03 43 43.89 | +06 55 30.5 | V1083 Tau | Mi* | M9 | 82 | YY | |
G180.829+32.784 | 08 16 46.88 | +40 07 53.3 | W Lyn | Mi* | M6 | … | YY | |
G181.209−73.392 | 01 50 33.86 | −17 39 00.9 | DH Cet | sr* | M5 | … | NN | |
G181.889−44.366 | 03 22 31.61 | +00 31 48.0 | * | M5.5 | … | NN | ||
G182.006−35.653 | 03 49 27.68 | +06 04 40.4 | V1191 Tau | Mi* | M8.5 | … | YY | |
G182.059−45.211 | 03 20 15.56 | −00 06 29.0 | * | M0 | … | NN | ||
G183.100+30.845 | 08 08 50.31 | +37 52 20.6 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G183.385+34.661 | 08 28 08.04 | +38 20 23.0 | RX Lyn | sr* | M | … | NN | |
G183.614+31.966 | 08 14 50.64 | +37 40 11.7 | RT Lyn | Mi* | M6e | … | NY | |
G184.565−83.387 | 01 16 52.83 | −23 50 40.1 | RT Cet | LPV* | M2 | … | NN | |
G184.714+33.826 | 08 24 55.36 | +37 06 53.1 | AGB* | M7 | … | NN | ||
G185.796+37.989 | 08 46 12.58 | +36 54 42.8 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G185.814+62.448 | 10 48 34.26 | +36 17 35.2 | * | M8 | … | NN | ||
G186.761+33.619 | 08 25 31.37 | +35 24 13.9 | X Lyn | Mi* | M5 | 7.0 | NN | |
G187.196+36.638 | 08 40 25.60 | +35 36 23.7 | AGB* | M | … | NN | ||
G188.099+48.741 | 09 40 15.16 | +36 06 19.0 | Z LMi | LPV* | M | … | NN | |
G188.152+51.648 | 09 54 38.71 | +36 05 22.8 | U LMi | sr* | M6 | −32 | NN | |
G188.344+50.247 | 09 47 42.79 | +35 58 15.1 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G188.664−39.190 | 03 51 15.85 | −00 15 53.8 | V* | M7 | … | NN | ||
G189.897−30.567 | 04 21 45.82 | +03 53 50.1 | * | M7.5 | … | NN | ||
G190.865+51.122 | 09 52 09.00 | +34 23 29.3 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G190.894+48.491 | 09 39 25.61 | +34 14 53.0 | VZ LMi | Mi* | M | … | 292.2 | NN |
G195.025−53.735 | 03 11 53.14 | −11 52 32.4 | SS Eri | Mi* | M5… | 48 | YY | |
G196.576+45.020 | 09 25 17.07 | +29 58 47.6 | TW Leo | LPV* | Me | … | 216.4 | NN |
G197.990+33.262 | 08 34 28.05 | +26 13 47.2 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G198.081+74.222 | 11 40 43.82 | +30 03 17.0 | AY UMa | LPV* | M3 | … | NN | |
G198.593−69.596 | 02 16 00.08 | −20 31 10.5 | RY Cet | Mi* | M6+e: | 16.0 | YY | |
G203.330+30.788 | 08 30 22.54 | +21 09 27.4 | * | M… | … | NN | ||
G203.660+52.559 | 10 02 41.02 | +26 41 36.0 | SV Leo | Mi* | M7 | … | NN | |
G204.101+32.634 | 08 38 46.63 | +21 09 32.7 | UV Cnc | LPV* | M0 | … | NN | |
G204.907+32.225 | 08 38 06.76 | +20 22 50.2 | DK Cnc | sr* | M3 | … | NN | |
G206.317+31.191 | 08 35 46.31 | +18 53 44.7 | U Cnc | Mi* | M2e | 72 | NN | |
G206.346+47.275 | 09 41 34.11 | +23 50 33.9 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G211.919+50.661 | 10 00 01.99 | +21 15 43.9 | V Leo | Mi* | M5-6e | −23.00 | YY | |
G212.108+46.532 | 09 43 25.67 | +19 51 40.0 | RS Leo | Mi* | M5e | … | NN | |
G212.164+57.683 | 10 29 21.56 | +23 03 44.9 | UY Leo | LPV* | M7III: | … | NN | |
G212.195+63.282 | 10 53 09.43 | +24 21 31.1 | RU Leo | LPV* | M3 | … | NN | |
G214.232+43.058 | 09 31 51.13 | +17 15 05.5 | LPV* | … | … | 177.7 | NN | |
G217.372+50.948 | 10 05 58.80 | +18 06 04.9 | V* | M8 | … | NN | ||
G218.786+51.178 | 10 08 14.78 | +17 21 30.6 | DD Leo | sr* | M8 | … | NN | |
G220.968+59.976 | 10 44 40.35 | +19 25 23.8 | EW Leo | sr* | M5 | … | NN | |
G223.002+48.943 | 10 04 15.94 | +13 58 57.7 | RY Leo | sr* | M2 | 22.00 | NN | |
G234.525+52.514 | 10 31 27.87 | +09 21 07.0 | * | M7 | … | NN | ||
G235.246+67.258 | 11 23 40.03 | +16 51 07.0 | TZ Leo | Mi* | M8 | 18.0 | YY | |
G236.412+81.845 | 12 18 46.68 | +23 38 43.2 | AB Com | Mi* | M | … | 195.6 | NN |
G238.855+56.995 | 10 52 11.04 | +09 48 55.2 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G239.757+46.896 | 10 20 50.19 | +03 21 09.0 | SZ Sex | Mi* | … | … | 147.9 | NN |
G243.022+46.682 | 10 25 43.90 | +01 28 08.7 | SY Sex | Mi* | … | … | 208.7 | NN |
G248.071−84.665 | 01 11 36.38 | −30 06 29.4 | U Scl | Mi* | M5e | −8 | YY | |
G250.569+57.710 | 11 10 50.78 | +05 27 34.7 | S Leo | Mi* | M6:e | 106 | NN | |
G254.436+65.121 | 11 36 54.77 | +09 31 45.9 | ZZ Leo | sr* | M0 | … | NN | |
G261.694+46.256 | 11 01 55.14 | −07 39 41.8 | RT Crt | Mi* | M8 | 41.00 | YY | |
G262.094+61.213 | 11 37 48.11 | +04 19 24.8 | IW Vir | LPV* | M5 | … | NN | |
G264.438+71.690 | 12 05 14.81 | +12 21 37.9 | SU Vir | Mi* | M2-5.5e | 19 | NN | |
G264.623+48.097 | 11 12 45.30 | −07 17 54.5 | U Crt | Mi* | M0e | … | NN | |
G268.755+80.079 | 12 27 57.87 | +18 48 08.5 | TV Com | LPV* | M2 | … | NN | |
G276.361+63.050 | 12 04 36.16 | +02 37 10.6 | TZ Vir | sr* | M5 | … | NN | |
G283.439+80.931 | 12 38 43.06 | +18 32 41.7 | DO Com | sr* | … | … | NN | |
G283.995+74.423 | 12 30 58.11 | +12 18 30.6 | CV Vir | Mi* | … | … | 148.4 | NN |
G289.779+69.653 | 12 33 08.38 | +07 15 00.3 | CI Vir | LPV* | M6 | … | NN | |
G289.879+76.356 | 12 38 51.52 | +13 48 13.9 | KM Com | LPV* | M2 | 23.7 | NN | |
G294.615+58.166 | 12 33 52.99 | −04 25 19.6 | Y Vir | Mi* | M5.5e: | 9 | NN | |
G309.119+49.507 | 13 07 55.40 | −13 09 58.9 | RV Vir | Mi* | A5 | 33 | NN | |
G311.686+77.932 | 12 58 59.74 | +15 11 21.7 | RX Com | Mi* | … | … | 210.5 | NN |
G312.284+53.849 | 13 13 41.63 | −08 37 05.7 | HH Vir | sr* | … | … | NN | |
G315.566+57.522 | 13 18 30.52 | −04 41 03.2 | VY Vir | Mi* | M3pev | … | YY | |
G320.482+58.454 | 13 27 48.13 | −03 10 22.9 | V Vir | Mi* | M5-6e | 33 | NN | |
G325.570+85.690 | 12 58 38.90 | +23 08 21.0 | T Com | Mi* | M2 | 15.0 | YY | |
G326.771+45.772 | 13 58 59.11 | −13 56 59.1 | * | M6 | … | NN | ||
G330.757+45.262 | 14 10 22.10 | −13 18 11.8 | Z Vir | Mi* | M5e | 68 | YN | |
G331.573+49.548 | 14 04 53.44 | −09 11 41.2 | RR Vir | Mi* | … | −43.0 | 215.7 | NN |
G331.781+33.351 | 14 35 49.00 | −23 36 29.4 | LX Lib | Mi* | … | −10.60 | NN | |
G332.578+54.382 | 13 58 37.59 | −04 34 32.8 | SY Vir | Mi* | M6 | … | NN | |
G333.388+33.799 | 14 39 59.87 | −22 34 26.2 | EP Lib | Mi* | … | … | NN | |
G334.109+36.043 | 14 37 29.14 | −20 19 41.2 | LY Lib | Mi* | … | … | YY | |
G335.504+35.524 | 14 42 46.26 | −20 12 36.1 | SX Lib | Mi* | M6e… | … | YY | |
G335.646+44.462 | 14 24 29.54 | −12 25 07.3 | V* | M1III | … | NN | ||
G335.670+35.438 | 14 43 27.21 | −20 12 53.3 | GS Lib | Mi* | M6 | … | NN | |
G336.386+35.873 | 14 44 36.98 | −19 32 28.2 | TW Lib | Mi* | … | 81.94 | NN | |
G336.532+38.006 | 14 40 22.18 | −17 39 26.9 | V Lib | Mi* | M5e | 15 | YN | |
G337.373+32.451 | 14 55 21.62 | −22 00 19.6 | EG Lib | Mi* | M5 | 5 | YY | |
G337.755+51.213 | 14 15 44.47 | −05 52 06.4 | CF Vir | Mi* | M5e | 44.03 | NN | |
G339.224+44.663 | 14 32 59.87 | −10 56 03.2 | KS Lib | Mi* | Me | … | YY | |
G339.938+43.686 | 14 36 54.68 | −11 28 40.8 | * | M6.5 | … | NN | ||
G340.371+66.478 | 13 48 08.49 | +07 49 13.2 | HX Boo | sr* | M5 | … | NN | |
G340.829+31.460 | 15 08 10.66 | −21 10 00.3 | YY Lib | Mi* | Me | … | YN | |
G342.142+33.667 | 15 06 26.19 | −18 43 56.2 | RT Lib | Mi* | M2.5-5.5e | 41.0 | NN | |
G342.197+32.029 | 15 10 44.36 | −20 01 08.4 | T Lib | Mi* | M4 | −48 | NN | |
G344.240+30.203 | 15 21 23.96 | −20 23 18.5 | S Lib | Mi* | M1.5-4e | 294.0 | NN | |
G345.104+35.879 | 15 08 54.49 | −15 29 51.0 | TT Lib | Mi* | M3e | −47.27 | NN | |
G346.039+45.775 | 14 46 18.42 | −07 15 49.9 | AQ Vir | Mi* | M5e | −4.0 | NN | |
G346.087+47.560 | 14 42 00.64 | −05 49 57.2 | XY Vir | Mi* | … | 29.89 | 154.8 | NN |
G348.715+50.518 | 14 39 59.19 | −02 26 48.6 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G349.797+58.296 | 14 21 51.90 | +03 54 27.8 | AO Vir | Mi* | M4 | … | NN | |
G350.237+30.144 | 15 38 05.25 | −17 01 54.2 | EK Lib | sr* | M7e | … | NN | |
G350.511+84.894 | 13 07 53.22 | +23 37 28.6 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G350.719+30.733 | 15 37 39.75 | −16 19 02.8 | IRC-20290 | IR | M7 | … | NN | |
G350.868+30.821 | 15 37 48.00 | −16 09 57.1 | W Lib | Mi* | … | 22.0 | NN | |
G351.579+32.192 | 15 35 41.95 | −14 45 16.3 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G352.221+57.421 | 14 28 03.54 | +04 06 33.3 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G353.548+50.630 | 14 48 52.46 | −00 19 37.0 | * | M7 | … | NN | ||
G353.826+42.588 | 15 11 41.26 | −06 00 41.2 | Y Lib | Mi* | M5.5e | −7.00 | YN | |
G356.016+48.746 | 14 58 42.58 | −00 33 16.5 | * | M6 | … | NN | ||
G356.642+59.618 | 14 28 30.27 | +07 17 37.1 | AP Vir | Mi? | M3 | … | YY | |
G358.057+46.657 | 15 08 32.60 | −01 00 45.2 | * | M6 | … | NN | ||
G358.765+67.787 | 14 06 29.61 | +13 29 05.5 | Z Boo | Mi* | M6e | 40 | NN |
Source . | RA (J2000) . | Dec. (J2000) . | Other . | Star . | Spectral . | V* . | Period . | Maser . |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
name . | (h:m:s) . | (d:m:s) . | name . | type . | type . | (km s−1) . | (days) . | detection . |
G000.760+51.066 | 15 00 12.98 | +03 15 41.7 | * | M5 | … | NN | ||
G001.856+72.531 | 13 53 55.19 | +17 16 50.1 | XZ Boo | LPV* | M5 | … | NN | |
G003.378+47.338 | 15 16 02.72 | +02 10 04.6 | Z Ser | sr* | M5 | −25.00 | NN | |
G003.602+43.085 | 15 29 38.03 | −00 23 45.8 | AM Ser | sr* | M2 | … | NN | |
G003.848+44.341 | 15 26 10.68 | +00 31 56.5 | V380 Ser | sr* | Me | … | NN | |
G004.482+32.104 | 16 05 46.29 | −06 42 27.8 | BD Oph | Mi* | M6e | −432.72 | YY | |
G006.077+30.607 | 16 13 53.44 | −06 32 16.4 | V2577 Oph | Mi* | … | … | NN | |
G008.104+45.840 | 15 28 43.67 | +03 49 43.6 | MW Ser | Mi* | M8 | … | YY | |
G010.937+35.609 | 16 07 08.16 | −00 18 53.6 | AI Ser | Mi* | … | … | NN | |
G011.025+53.268 | 15 08 25.77 | +09 36 18.4 | FV Boo | Mi? | M9III | … | YY | |
G011.131+37.023 | 16 02 49.18 | +00 36 40.6 | DW Ser | Mi* | M1e | … | NN | |
G011.159−41.196 | 21 04 36.85 | −33 16 47.3 | X Mic | Mi* | M… | 19.0 | YY | |
G012.097+32.492 | 16 19 37.28 | −01 15 47.2 | CM Ser | Mi* | … | −36.93 | 220.6 | NN |
G012.230−32.998 | 20 27 29.17 | −30 48 37.3 | V5556 Sgr | Mi* | M8 | … | NN | |
G012.444+38.278 | 16 00 58.08 | +02 10 27.9 | BC Ser | Mi* | M5e | 49 | NN | |
G012.901−63.916 | 22 53 30.71 | −32 55 39.9 | SS PsA | Mi* | … | … | NN | |
G014.428+52.730 | 15 14 41.21 | +11 03 31.6 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G015.405−35.139 | 20 40 02.99 | −28 47 31.2 | R Mic | Mi* | M4e | 10.00 | YN | |
G016.257+64.629 | 14 33 28.30 | +17 36 46.9 | CO Boo | Mi* | … | … | 280.0 | NN |
G016.831−45.308 | 21 26 44.10 | −29 51 04.7 | S Mic | Mi* | M3-5.5e | 49 | NN | |
G017.647−37.951 | 20 54 26.42 | −27 44 15.9 | RX Mic | Mi* | … | −51.01 | NN | |
G017.863+72.316 | 14 04 52.15 | +21 21 19.1 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G019.002−39.495 | 21 02 20.78 | −27 05 14.9 | RR Cap | Mi* | M6e: | −63 | YY | |
G019.408+42.783 | 15 56 29.69 | +09 01 50.2 | RU Ser | Mi* | … | 11.0 | 282.2 | NN |
G019.509−56.308 | 22 18 00.24 | −29 36 13.8 | R PsA | Mi* | M6+e | −25.0 | NN | |
G020.708−31.502 | 20 30 06.77 | −23 30 41.5 | AY Cap | sr* | … | 46.55 | NN | |
G021.290−47.410 | 21 38 41.87 | −27 12 34.1 | RV PsA | Mi* | … | −24.36 | NN | |
G021.343−32.293 | 20 34 07.64 | −23 14 58.6 | AK Cap | LPV* | M4III | … | NN | |
G021.513−53.023 | 22 03 45.83 | −28 03 04.2 | S PsA | Mi* | M3e | −92.0 | YN | |
G022.158+40.858 | 16 07 17.66 | +09 55 52.5 | U Ser | Mi* | M4-6e | −31.00 | YY | |
G022.461+33.819 | 16 32 55.55 | +06 51 29.7 | SS Her | Mi* | M0-5+e | −46.0 | NN | |
G022.943−31.448 | 20 32 34.16 | −21 41 26.5 | RU Cap | Mi* | M9 | −3 | YY | |
G023.139−38.703 | 21 02 42.82 | −23 46 54.8 | CE Cap | sr* | … | … | NN | |
G023.291−34.188 | 20 44 09.74 | −22 18 12.9 | CC Cap | sr* | M6.5 | … | NN | |
G023.376−39.816 | 21 07 36.63 | −23 55 13.4 | V Cap | Mi* | M5.5-6e | −36.0 | YY | |
G023.664+40.100 | 16 12 09.44 | +10 36 26.1 | DN Her | Mi* | M6.5 | −46.0 | NN | |
G025.952−42.117 | 21 19 37.45 | −22 42 26.9 | CH Cap | sr* | … | … | NN | |
G026.343−35.418 | 20 52 39.24 | −20 20 00.3 | BX Cap | LPV* | … | … | NN | |
G026.645−39.261 | 21 08 33.06 | −21 20 51.5 | X Cap | Mi* | M2e… | −37.55 | NN | |
G028.805−31.578 | 20 40 32.08 | −17 03 28.2 | TX Cap | Mi* | M4 | 9.0 | NN | |
G032.106−32.402 | 20 48 08.58 | −14 47 01.0 | U Cap | Mi* | M5.5e | … | 203.8 | NN |
G032.852−33.566 | 20 53 35.02 | −14 39 50.4 | XX Cap | LPV* | M5 | −15.68 | NN | |
G033.078−37.937 | 21 10 37.52 | −16 10 24.8 | Z Cap | Mi* | M2e: | −64 | NN | |
G033.245−56.048 | 22 23 12.94 | −22 03 25.5 | RT Aqr | Mi* | M5 | −34.00 | NN | |
G033.519−53.484 | 22 12 50.93 | −21 09 51.9 | AQ Aqr | Mi* | … | −90.68 | NN | |
G035.634−40.082 | 21 22 00.82 | −15 09 33.1 | T Cap | Mi* | M6e: | 42.00 | NN | |
G036.242−55.590 | 22 23 30.38 | −20 18 49.2 | KU Aqr | LPV* | M3III | … | NN | |
G037.206−55.581 | 22 24 13.46 | −19 47 42.7 | AV Aqr | Mi* | M | −73.0 | NN | |
G037.250−44.253 | 21 39 53.43 | −15 40 35.4 | CK Cap | LP? | … | … | NN | |
G038.070+66.469 | 14 37 11.58 | +26 44 11.7 | R Boo | Mi* | M4-8e | −58.00 | YY | |
G038.666−42.354 | 21 34 22.91 | −13 58 29.3 | Y Cap | Mi* | M8.5 | … | NN | |
G039.040−42.707 | 21 36 10.46 | −13 52 04.9 | UU Cap | sr* | M3/4III | −4.08 | NN | |
G041.021+62.253 | 14 56 41.05 | +27 30 25.2 | NP Boo | Mi* | … | … | NN | |
G041.037−51.361 | 22 11 13.36 | −16 07 47.2 | YY Aqr | sr* | … | … | NN | |
G041.058−50.181 | 22 06 44.98 | −15 38 40.3 | BM Aqr | sr* | M3(III) | −21.00 | NN | |
G041.181−31.735 | 20 59 00.66 | −07 32 29.4 | VV Aqr | Mi* | … | −183.18 | 140.7 | NN |
G041.307−63.037 | 22 57 06.46 | −20 20 35.7 | S Aqr | Mi* | M6e | −58 | NN | |
G041.346−64.747 | 23 04 00.56 | −20 54 24.0 | MN Aqr | Mi* | M7: | … | NN | |
G045.006−52.540 | 22 19 54.43 | −14 24 07.0 | SS Aqr | Mi* | M2 | 2 | NN | |
G045.032−36.798 | 21 23 03.67 | −07 06 29.4 | RZ Aqr | Mi* | M9 | … | NN | |
G045.734−38.770 | 21 31 06.50 | −07 34 20.4 | HY Aqr | Mi* | M8 | −20 | YN | |
G051.533−62.801 | 23 04 17.19 | −16 00 35.9 | EQ Aqr | sr* | M3/4 | … | NN | |
G051.533−62.801 | 23 04 17.19 | −16 00 35.9 | EQ Aqr | sr* | M3/4 | … | NN | |
G051.594−50.205 | 22 19 35.29 | −09 40 32.6 | ZZ Aqr | sr* | … | … | NN | |
G055.342−64.356 | 23 13 24.09 | −15 19 16.0 | UX Aqr | Mi* | M4e | … | NN | |
G058.824+57.868 | 15 17 14.71 | +36 21 33.4 | RT Boo | Mi* | M6.5e | 35.00 | NN | |
G060.246−57.280 | 22 54 55.48 | −09 22 27.7 | TT Aqr | sr* | M3III | … | NN | |
G064.549+76.014 | 13 48 44.69 | +33 43 34.2 | RT CVn | Mi* | M5e: | −12 | YN | |
G069.300−72.233 | 23 52 14.54 | −15 51 17.2 | Z Aqr | sr* | M1/2Ib/II | 68.90 | NN | |
G070.786−60.449 | 23 18 58.18 | −07 18 50.9 | DM Aqr | Mi* | … | … | NN | |
G073.394−77.357 | 00 10 57.96 | −18 34 23.4 | AC Cet | LPV* | M3III | −12.90 | NN | |
G077.779−73.062 | 00 02 07.39 | −14 40 33.1 | W Cet | S* | S5.5-7/1.5 | 13.0 | NN | |
G083.632−79.140 | 00 22 30.89 | −18 32 45.2 | LPV* | M | … | 201.3 | NN | |
G085.581−67.859 | 23 57 54.07 | −08 57 31.2 | V Cet | Mi* | M3/5(III)e | 51 | YN | |
G093.803−63.776 | 00 01 38.63 | −03 45 23.3 | DU Psc | sr* | … | −14.09 | NN | |
G094.565−80.456 | 00 32 21.61 | −18 39 08.5 | ET Cet | sr* | M6 | … | NN | |
G096.925+58.455 | 14 22 52.92 | +53 48 37.3 | S Boo | Mi* | M5-6e | −17.00 | NN | |
G120.894−64.174 | 00 47 53.14 | −01 18 58.7 | SX Cet | sr* | … | … | NN | |
G131.720−64.091 | 01 06 45.20 | −01 28 51.8 | Z Cet | Mi* | M5-6e | 3 | YN | |
G133.797−53.388 | 01 17 34.56 | +08 55 52.0 | S Psc | Mi* | M5+-7e | 14.6 | YN | |
G134.760−49.278 | 01 22 58.48 | +12 52 04.0 | U Psc | Mi* | M4e | −35.0 | NN | |
G135.687−52.241 | 01 22 59.11 | +09 50 50.2 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G141.402+31.072 | 08 03 59.72 | +73 24 30.6 | SW Cam | Mi* | M5e | … | NN | |
G141.940−58.536 | 01 30 38.35 | +02 52 52.5 | R Psc | Mi* | M4-8e | −45 | YN | |
G144.537−70.053 | 01 20 37.11 | −08 24 52.6 | CU Cet | sr* | M2 | … | NN | |
G146.496−59.340 | 01 38 30.12 | +01 21 40.1 | SW Cet | LPV* | M5 | … | NN | |
G146.657−43.306 | 02 02 28.33 | +16 16 11.2 | RY Ari | LPV* | M6 | … | NN | |
G147.548−60.663 | 01 38 32.50 | −00 03 43.6 | LPV* | … | … | 168.8 | NN | |
G149.396−46.550 | 02 04 37.67 | +12 31 36.9 | S Ari | Mi* | M4-5e | −27.0 | NY | |
G150.794−47.560 | 02 06 27.29 | +11 12 46.1 | * | M0 | … | NN | ||
G152.650−53.296 | 02 00 42.61 | +05 31 53.7 | TT Psc | sr* | M4 | … | NN | |
G153.782−52.608 | 02 04 24.28 | +05 50 17.1 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G156.088−52.393 | 02 09 46.83 | +05 21 41.7 | * | M2 | … | NN | ||
G156.914−37.397 | 02 42 46.87 | +18 01 13.4 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G158.558−71.111 | 01 35 47.92 | −11 22 30.2 | FY Cet | sr* | M3/4III | … | NN | |
G158.741−40.144 | 02 41 44.10 | +14 56 12.3 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G159.484−38.173 | 02 48 12.39 | +16 16 28.3 | BD Ari | sr* | M7 | … | NN | |
G159.820−47.007 | 02 29 17.65 | +08 44 08.4 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G160.874−49.439 | 02 26 18.94 | +06 18 52.5 | * | M4 | … | NN | ||
G162.261−42.711 | 02 44 51.63 | +11 20 05.7 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G162.904−49.384 | 02 30 49.91 | +05 36 58.3 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G163.265−46.216 | 02 39 00.42 | +08 03 41.2 | * | M4.5 | … | NN | ||
G165.494−43.684 | 02 50 14.10 | +09 09 16.2 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G165.616−40.899 | 02 57 27.52 | +11 18 05.3 | YZ Ari | Mi* | M8 | 25 | 433.4 | YY |
G166.965−54.751 | 02 26 02.31 | −00 10 42.0 | R Cet | Mi* | M4-5e | 42.00 | YN | |
G168.980+37.738 | 08 40 49.50 | +50 08 11.9 | X UMa | Mi* | M4e | −83 | YY | |
G173.516−38.103 | 03 23 35.71 | +09 23 55.0 | * | M6.5 | … | NN | ||
G175.479+46.580 | 09 30 56.58 | +44 41 01.7 | * | M6 | 25.80 | NN | ||
G175.507+50.992 | 09 55 19.92 | +44 00 29.5 | YZ UMa | LPV* | M5V: | … | NN | |
G175.651−77.193 | 01 34 25.98 | −18 58 28.2 | AP Cet | sr* | M7 | … | NN | |
G176.154−30.578 | 03 51 44.23 | +13 06 28.8 | * | M6.5 | … | NN | ||
G177.272−37.906 | 03 32 32.90 | +07 25 32.2 | * | M5.5 | … | NN | ||
G177.576−33.940 | 03 44 59.43 | +09 56 36.0 | CH Tau | sr* | M1 | … | NN | |
G179.335+42.704 | 09 08 47.86 | +42 09 21.6 | DH Lyn | sr* | M7 | … | NN | |
G179.379+30.743 | 08 05 03.70 | +40 59 08.1 | IR | … | … | YY | ||
G179.553−33.716 | 03 50 06.63 | +08 52 09.0 | * | M7.5 | … | NN | ||
G180.069−36.185 | 03 43 43.89 | +06 55 30.5 | V1083 Tau | Mi* | M9 | 82 | YY | |
G180.829+32.784 | 08 16 46.88 | +40 07 53.3 | W Lyn | Mi* | M6 | … | YY | |
G181.209−73.392 | 01 50 33.86 | −17 39 00.9 | DH Cet | sr* | M5 | … | NN | |
G181.889−44.366 | 03 22 31.61 | +00 31 48.0 | * | M5.5 | … | NN | ||
G182.006−35.653 | 03 49 27.68 | +06 04 40.4 | V1191 Tau | Mi* | M8.5 | … | YY | |
G182.059−45.211 | 03 20 15.56 | −00 06 29.0 | * | M0 | … | NN | ||
G183.100+30.845 | 08 08 50.31 | +37 52 20.6 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G183.385+34.661 | 08 28 08.04 | +38 20 23.0 | RX Lyn | sr* | M | … | NN | |
G183.614+31.966 | 08 14 50.64 | +37 40 11.7 | RT Lyn | Mi* | M6e | … | NY | |
G184.565−83.387 | 01 16 52.83 | −23 50 40.1 | RT Cet | LPV* | M2 | … | NN | |
G184.714+33.826 | 08 24 55.36 | +37 06 53.1 | AGB* | M7 | … | NN | ||
G185.796+37.989 | 08 46 12.58 | +36 54 42.8 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G185.814+62.448 | 10 48 34.26 | +36 17 35.2 | * | M8 | … | NN | ||
G186.761+33.619 | 08 25 31.37 | +35 24 13.9 | X Lyn | Mi* | M5 | 7.0 | NN | |
G187.196+36.638 | 08 40 25.60 | +35 36 23.7 | AGB* | M | … | NN | ||
G188.099+48.741 | 09 40 15.16 | +36 06 19.0 | Z LMi | LPV* | M | … | NN | |
G188.152+51.648 | 09 54 38.71 | +36 05 22.8 | U LMi | sr* | M6 | −32 | NN | |
G188.344+50.247 | 09 47 42.79 | +35 58 15.1 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G188.664−39.190 | 03 51 15.85 | −00 15 53.8 | V* | M7 | … | NN | ||
G189.897−30.567 | 04 21 45.82 | +03 53 50.1 | * | M7.5 | … | NN | ||
G190.865+51.122 | 09 52 09.00 | +34 23 29.3 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G190.894+48.491 | 09 39 25.61 | +34 14 53.0 | VZ LMi | Mi* | M | … | 292.2 | NN |
G195.025−53.735 | 03 11 53.14 | −11 52 32.4 | SS Eri | Mi* | M5… | 48 | YY | |
G196.576+45.020 | 09 25 17.07 | +29 58 47.6 | TW Leo | LPV* | Me | … | 216.4 | NN |
G197.990+33.262 | 08 34 28.05 | +26 13 47.2 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G198.081+74.222 | 11 40 43.82 | +30 03 17.0 | AY UMa | LPV* | M3 | … | NN | |
G198.593−69.596 | 02 16 00.08 | −20 31 10.5 | RY Cet | Mi* | M6+e: | 16.0 | YY | |
G203.330+30.788 | 08 30 22.54 | +21 09 27.4 | * | M… | … | NN | ||
G203.660+52.559 | 10 02 41.02 | +26 41 36.0 | SV Leo | Mi* | M7 | … | NN | |
G204.101+32.634 | 08 38 46.63 | +21 09 32.7 | UV Cnc | LPV* | M0 | … | NN | |
G204.907+32.225 | 08 38 06.76 | +20 22 50.2 | DK Cnc | sr* | M3 | … | NN | |
G206.317+31.191 | 08 35 46.31 | +18 53 44.7 | U Cnc | Mi* | M2e | 72 | NN | |
G206.346+47.275 | 09 41 34.11 | +23 50 33.9 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G211.919+50.661 | 10 00 01.99 | +21 15 43.9 | V Leo | Mi* | M5-6e | −23.00 | YY | |
G212.108+46.532 | 09 43 25.67 | +19 51 40.0 | RS Leo | Mi* | M5e | … | NN | |
G212.164+57.683 | 10 29 21.56 | +23 03 44.9 | UY Leo | LPV* | M7III: | … | NN | |
G212.195+63.282 | 10 53 09.43 | +24 21 31.1 | RU Leo | LPV* | M3 | … | NN | |
G214.232+43.058 | 09 31 51.13 | +17 15 05.5 | LPV* | … | … | 177.7 | NN | |
G217.372+50.948 | 10 05 58.80 | +18 06 04.9 | V* | M8 | … | NN | ||
G218.786+51.178 | 10 08 14.78 | +17 21 30.6 | DD Leo | sr* | M8 | … | NN | |
G220.968+59.976 | 10 44 40.35 | +19 25 23.8 | EW Leo | sr* | M5 | … | NN | |
G223.002+48.943 | 10 04 15.94 | +13 58 57.7 | RY Leo | sr* | M2 | 22.00 | NN | |
G234.525+52.514 | 10 31 27.87 | +09 21 07.0 | * | M7 | … | NN | ||
G235.246+67.258 | 11 23 40.03 | +16 51 07.0 | TZ Leo | Mi* | M8 | 18.0 | YY | |
G236.412+81.845 | 12 18 46.68 | +23 38 43.2 | AB Com | Mi* | M | … | 195.6 | NN |
G238.855+56.995 | 10 52 11.04 | +09 48 55.2 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G239.757+46.896 | 10 20 50.19 | +03 21 09.0 | SZ Sex | Mi* | … | … | 147.9 | NN |
G243.022+46.682 | 10 25 43.90 | +01 28 08.7 | SY Sex | Mi* | … | … | 208.7 | NN |
G248.071−84.665 | 01 11 36.38 | −30 06 29.4 | U Scl | Mi* | M5e | −8 | YY | |
G250.569+57.710 | 11 10 50.78 | +05 27 34.7 | S Leo | Mi* | M6:e | 106 | NN | |
G254.436+65.121 | 11 36 54.77 | +09 31 45.9 | ZZ Leo | sr* | M0 | … | NN | |
G261.694+46.256 | 11 01 55.14 | −07 39 41.8 | RT Crt | Mi* | M8 | 41.00 | YY | |
G262.094+61.213 | 11 37 48.11 | +04 19 24.8 | IW Vir | LPV* | M5 | … | NN | |
G264.438+71.690 | 12 05 14.81 | +12 21 37.9 | SU Vir | Mi* | M2-5.5e | 19 | NN | |
G264.623+48.097 | 11 12 45.30 | −07 17 54.5 | U Crt | Mi* | M0e | … | NN | |
G268.755+80.079 | 12 27 57.87 | +18 48 08.5 | TV Com | LPV* | M2 | … | NN | |
G276.361+63.050 | 12 04 36.16 | +02 37 10.6 | TZ Vir | sr* | M5 | … | NN | |
G283.439+80.931 | 12 38 43.06 | +18 32 41.7 | DO Com | sr* | … | … | NN | |
G283.995+74.423 | 12 30 58.11 | +12 18 30.6 | CV Vir | Mi* | … | … | 148.4 | NN |
G289.779+69.653 | 12 33 08.38 | +07 15 00.3 | CI Vir | LPV* | M6 | … | NN | |
G289.879+76.356 | 12 38 51.52 | +13 48 13.9 | KM Com | LPV* | M2 | 23.7 | NN | |
G294.615+58.166 | 12 33 52.99 | −04 25 19.6 | Y Vir | Mi* | M5.5e: | 9 | NN | |
G309.119+49.507 | 13 07 55.40 | −13 09 58.9 | RV Vir | Mi* | A5 | 33 | NN | |
G311.686+77.932 | 12 58 59.74 | +15 11 21.7 | RX Com | Mi* | … | … | 210.5 | NN |
G312.284+53.849 | 13 13 41.63 | −08 37 05.7 | HH Vir | sr* | … | … | NN | |
G315.566+57.522 | 13 18 30.52 | −04 41 03.2 | VY Vir | Mi* | M3pev | … | YY | |
G320.482+58.454 | 13 27 48.13 | −03 10 22.9 | V Vir | Mi* | M5-6e | 33 | NN | |
G325.570+85.690 | 12 58 38.90 | +23 08 21.0 | T Com | Mi* | M2 | 15.0 | YY | |
G326.771+45.772 | 13 58 59.11 | −13 56 59.1 | * | M6 | … | NN | ||
G330.757+45.262 | 14 10 22.10 | −13 18 11.8 | Z Vir | Mi* | M5e | 68 | YN | |
G331.573+49.548 | 14 04 53.44 | −09 11 41.2 | RR Vir | Mi* | … | −43.0 | 215.7 | NN |
G331.781+33.351 | 14 35 49.00 | −23 36 29.4 | LX Lib | Mi* | … | −10.60 | NN | |
G332.578+54.382 | 13 58 37.59 | −04 34 32.8 | SY Vir | Mi* | M6 | … | NN | |
G333.388+33.799 | 14 39 59.87 | −22 34 26.2 | EP Lib | Mi* | … | … | NN | |
G334.109+36.043 | 14 37 29.14 | −20 19 41.2 | LY Lib | Mi* | … | … | YY | |
G335.504+35.524 | 14 42 46.26 | −20 12 36.1 | SX Lib | Mi* | M6e… | … | YY | |
G335.646+44.462 | 14 24 29.54 | −12 25 07.3 | V* | M1III | … | NN | ||
G335.670+35.438 | 14 43 27.21 | −20 12 53.3 | GS Lib | Mi* | M6 | … | NN | |
G336.386+35.873 | 14 44 36.98 | −19 32 28.2 | TW Lib | Mi* | … | 81.94 | NN | |
G336.532+38.006 | 14 40 22.18 | −17 39 26.9 | V Lib | Mi* | M5e | 15 | YN | |
G337.373+32.451 | 14 55 21.62 | −22 00 19.6 | EG Lib | Mi* | M5 | 5 | YY | |
G337.755+51.213 | 14 15 44.47 | −05 52 06.4 | CF Vir | Mi* | M5e | 44.03 | NN | |
G339.224+44.663 | 14 32 59.87 | −10 56 03.2 | KS Lib | Mi* | Me | … | YY | |
G339.938+43.686 | 14 36 54.68 | −11 28 40.8 | * | M6.5 | … | NN | ||
G340.371+66.478 | 13 48 08.49 | +07 49 13.2 | HX Boo | sr* | M5 | … | NN | |
G340.829+31.460 | 15 08 10.66 | −21 10 00.3 | YY Lib | Mi* | Me | … | YN | |
G342.142+33.667 | 15 06 26.19 | −18 43 56.2 | RT Lib | Mi* | M2.5-5.5e | 41.0 | NN | |
G342.197+32.029 | 15 10 44.36 | −20 01 08.4 | T Lib | Mi* | M4 | −48 | NN | |
G344.240+30.203 | 15 21 23.96 | −20 23 18.5 | S Lib | Mi* | M1.5-4e | 294.0 | NN | |
G345.104+35.879 | 15 08 54.49 | −15 29 51.0 | TT Lib | Mi* | M3e | −47.27 | NN | |
G346.039+45.775 | 14 46 18.42 | −07 15 49.9 | AQ Vir | Mi* | M5e | −4.0 | NN | |
G346.087+47.560 | 14 42 00.64 | −05 49 57.2 | XY Vir | Mi* | … | 29.89 | 154.8 | NN |
G348.715+50.518 | 14 39 59.19 | −02 26 48.6 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G349.797+58.296 | 14 21 51.90 | +03 54 27.8 | AO Vir | Mi* | M4 | … | NN | |
G350.237+30.144 | 15 38 05.25 | −17 01 54.2 | EK Lib | sr* | M7e | … | NN | |
G350.511+84.894 | 13 07 53.22 | +23 37 28.6 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G350.719+30.733 | 15 37 39.75 | −16 19 02.8 | IRC-20290 | IR | M7 | … | NN | |
G350.868+30.821 | 15 37 48.00 | −16 09 57.1 | W Lib | Mi* | … | 22.0 | NN | |
G351.579+32.192 | 15 35 41.95 | −14 45 16.3 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G352.221+57.421 | 14 28 03.54 | +04 06 33.3 | * | … | … | NN | ||
G353.548+50.630 | 14 48 52.46 | −00 19 37.0 | * | M7 | … | NN | ||
G353.826+42.588 | 15 11 41.26 | −06 00 41.2 | Y Lib | Mi* | M5.5e | −7.00 | YN | |
G356.016+48.746 | 14 58 42.58 | −00 33 16.5 | * | M6 | … | NN | ||
G356.642+59.618 | 14 28 30.27 | +07 17 37.1 | AP Vir | Mi? | M3 | … | YY | |
G358.057+46.657 | 15 08 32.60 | −01 00 45.2 | * | M6 | … | NN | ||
G358.765+67.787 | 14 06 29.61 | +13 29 05.5 | Z Boo | Mi* | M6e | 40 | NN |
Column 1 gives Galactic-coordinate notated source names; columns 2 and 3 equatorial coordinates; column 4 Bayer designation names of variables; columns 5 and 6 stellar and spectral types; column 7 radial velocities; column 8 periods; column 9 denote detections for v = 1 and 2 SiO J = 1–0 maser lines.
. | SiO v = 1 J = 1–0 maser line . | SiO v = 2 J = 1–0 maser line . | . | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Source . | VLSR . | T|$^\ast _A$|(peak) . | Int. flux . | rms . | VLSR . | T|$^\ast _A$|(peak) . | Int. flux . | rms . | Ref. . |
name . | (K km s−1) . | (K) . | (K km s−1) . | (K) . | (K km s−1) . | (K) . | (K km s−1) . | (K) . | . |
G004.482+32.104 | −8.8 | 0.18 | 0.79 | 0.03 | −10.8 | 0.10 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 2 |
G008.104+45.840 | 41.0 | 0.37 | 1.39 | 0.05 | 42.8 | 0.16 | 0.72 | 0.04 | 3 |
G011.025+53.268 | 4.5 | 1.61 | 11.76 | 0.08 | −13.7 | 0.54 | 2.36 | 0.07 | 4 |
G011.159−41.196 | 17.8 | 0.72 | 1.64 | 0.09 | 18.2 | 0.28 | 0.94 | 0.05 | 1 |
G015.405−35.139 | 19.9 | 0.20 | 0.87 | 0.04 | – | – | – | 0.04 | 1 |
G019.002−39.495 | −51.8 | 0.94 | 5.27 | 0.07 | −51.3 | 0.40 | 1.52 | 0.07 | 1 |
G019.509−56.308 | −29.0 | 1.26 | 3.76 | 0.07 | −29.7 | 0.36 | 1.10 | 0.06 | 1 |
G021.513−53.023 | −100.8 | 0.22 | 0.53 | 0.04 | – | – | – | 0.04 | 1 |
G022.158+40.858 | −15.0 | 0.69 | 1.34 | 0.11 | −15.6 | 1.01 | 1.41 | 0.10 | 1 |
G022.943−31.448 | 9.8 | 1.33 | 4.30 | 0.12 | 7.0 | 1.38 | 2.65 | 0.11 | 4 |
G023.376−39.816 | −20.9 | 1.41 | 2.33 | 0.06 | −16.5 | 0.25 | 0.88 | 0.05 | 1 |
G038.070+66.469 | −42.4 | 0.53 | 2.69 | 0.06 | −44.0 | 0.22 | 0.87 | 0.04 | 3 |
G045.734−38.770 | 26.3 | 0.23 | 0.47 | 0.03 | – | – | – | 0.03 | 1 |
G064.549+76.014 | 26.3 | 0.11 | 0.27 | 0.03 | 26.3 | 0.15 | 0.54 | 0.02 | 1 |
G085.581−67.859 | 50.9 | 0.22 | 1.09 | 0.04 | – | – | – | 0.04 | 1 |
G131.720−64.091 | 4.0 | 0.29 | 0.94 | 0.04 | – | – | – | 0.04 | 1 |
G133.797−53.388 | 4.3 | 1.10 | 5.68 | 0.10 | 4.3 | 1.48 | 4.23 | 0.11 | 1 |
G141.940−58.536 | −57.0 | 0.82 | 2.01 | 0.09 | −56.8 | 0.58 | 1.38 | 0.09 | 5 |
G149.396−46.550 | – | – | – | 0.05 | 9.5 | 0.16 | 0.75 | 0.05 | 1 |
G165.616−40.899 | 13.0 | 0.88 | 1.59 | 0.07 | 12.5 | 0.52 | 0.71 | 0.07 | 6 |
G166.965−54.751 | 35.2 | 0.38 | 0.90 | 0.05 | – | – | – | 0.05 | 7 |
G168.980+37.738 | −82.9 | 0.38 | 0.65 | 0.06 | −83.5 | 0.20 | 0.26 | 0.04 | 1 |
G179.379+30.743 | −10.6 | 0.81 | 2.59 | 0.08 | −9.2 | 0.72 | 2.01 | 0.07 | 2 |
G180.069−36.185 | 58.0 | 0.09 | 0.25 | 0.02 | 57.4 | 0.11 | 0.29 | 0.02 | 1 |
G180.829+32.784 | −24.8 | 0.41 | 0.40 | 0.08 | −25.1 | 0.54 | 0.62 | 0.07 | 1 |
G182.006−35.653 | 61.0 | 0.11 | 0.47 | 0.02 | 61.3 | 0.19 | 0.85 | 0.03 | 1 |
G183.614+31.966 | – | – | – | 0.03 | 27.5 | 0.13 | 0.32 | 0.02 | 1 |
G195.025−53.735 | 33.2 | 0.27 | 0.42 | 0.04 | 35.3 | 0.12 | 0.37 | 0.03 | 1 |
G198.593−69.596 | −2.8 | 0.55 | 1.41 | 0.06 | −3.4 | 0.19 | 0.62 | 0.04 | 1 |
G211.919+50.661 | −25.5 | 1.23 | 4.30 | 0.09 | −24.2 | 0.57 | 2.03 | 0.07 | 3 |
G235.246+67.258 | 12.9 | 0.30 | 0.59 | 0.04 | 12.7 | 0.35 | 0.39 | 0.04 | 1 |
G248.071−84.665 | −10.3 | 0.32 | 1.03 | 0.06 | −10.4 | 0.35 | 0.89 | 0.05 | 1 |
G261.694+46.256 | 32.9 | 0.38 | 1.10 | 0.05 | 32.8 | 0.28 | 0.55 | 0.05 | 1 |
G315.566+57.522 | 72.0 | 0.11 | 0.72 | 0.03 | 70.7 | 0.23 | 0.83 | 0.04 | 1 |
G325.570+85.690 | 26.1 | 2.01 | 5.22 | 0.09 | 25.2 | 2.66 | 8.13 | 0.09 | 3 |
G330.757+45.262 | 66.8 | 0.21 | 0.39 | 0.03 | – | – | – | 0.03 | 1 |
G334.109+36.043 | −25.4 | 0.23 | 1.14 | 0.05 | −25.3 | 0.27 | 0.24 | 0.05 | 1 |
G335.504+35.524 | −31.2 | 0.83 | 3.08 | 0.08 | −31.0 | 0.56 | 2.02 | 0.07 | 1 |
G336.532+38.006 | 18.1 | 0.22 | 0.28 | 0.03 | – | – | – | 0.03 | 1 |
G337.373+32.451 | −7.8 | 1.42 | 4.64 | 0.13 | −9.6 | 0.47 | 0.99 | 0.08 | 2 |
G339.224+44.663 | 70.7 | 0.18 | 0.93 | 0.04 | 69.9 | 0.14 | 0.64 | 0.03 | 2 |
G340.829+31.460 | −3.9 | 0.15 | 0.48 | 0.03 | – | – | – | 0.03 | 1 |
G353.826+42.588 | 14.9 | 0.14 | 0.48 | 0.03 | – | – | – | 0.03 | 2,3 |
G356.642+59.618 | 37.2 | 0.34 | 0.41 | 0.04 | 37.0 | 0.44 | 0.60 | 0.04 | 1 |
. | SiO v = 1 J = 1–0 maser line . | SiO v = 2 J = 1–0 maser line . | . | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Source . | VLSR . | T|$^\ast _A$|(peak) . | Int. flux . | rms . | VLSR . | T|$^\ast _A$|(peak) . | Int. flux . | rms . | Ref. . |
name . | (K km s−1) . | (K) . | (K km s−1) . | (K) . | (K km s−1) . | (K) . | (K km s−1) . | (K) . | . |
G004.482+32.104 | −8.8 | 0.18 | 0.79 | 0.03 | −10.8 | 0.10 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 2 |
G008.104+45.840 | 41.0 | 0.37 | 1.39 | 0.05 | 42.8 | 0.16 | 0.72 | 0.04 | 3 |
G011.025+53.268 | 4.5 | 1.61 | 11.76 | 0.08 | −13.7 | 0.54 | 2.36 | 0.07 | 4 |
G011.159−41.196 | 17.8 | 0.72 | 1.64 | 0.09 | 18.2 | 0.28 | 0.94 | 0.05 | 1 |
G015.405−35.139 | 19.9 | 0.20 | 0.87 | 0.04 | – | – | – | 0.04 | 1 |
G019.002−39.495 | −51.8 | 0.94 | 5.27 | 0.07 | −51.3 | 0.40 | 1.52 | 0.07 | 1 |
G019.509−56.308 | −29.0 | 1.26 | 3.76 | 0.07 | −29.7 | 0.36 | 1.10 | 0.06 | 1 |
G021.513−53.023 | −100.8 | 0.22 | 0.53 | 0.04 | – | – | – | 0.04 | 1 |
G022.158+40.858 | −15.0 | 0.69 | 1.34 | 0.11 | −15.6 | 1.01 | 1.41 | 0.10 | 1 |
G022.943−31.448 | 9.8 | 1.33 | 4.30 | 0.12 | 7.0 | 1.38 | 2.65 | 0.11 | 4 |
G023.376−39.816 | −20.9 | 1.41 | 2.33 | 0.06 | −16.5 | 0.25 | 0.88 | 0.05 | 1 |
G038.070+66.469 | −42.4 | 0.53 | 2.69 | 0.06 | −44.0 | 0.22 | 0.87 | 0.04 | 3 |
G045.734−38.770 | 26.3 | 0.23 | 0.47 | 0.03 | – | – | – | 0.03 | 1 |
G064.549+76.014 | 26.3 | 0.11 | 0.27 | 0.03 | 26.3 | 0.15 | 0.54 | 0.02 | 1 |
G085.581−67.859 | 50.9 | 0.22 | 1.09 | 0.04 | – | – | – | 0.04 | 1 |
G131.720−64.091 | 4.0 | 0.29 | 0.94 | 0.04 | – | – | – | 0.04 | 1 |
G133.797−53.388 | 4.3 | 1.10 | 5.68 | 0.10 | 4.3 | 1.48 | 4.23 | 0.11 | 1 |
G141.940−58.536 | −57.0 | 0.82 | 2.01 | 0.09 | −56.8 | 0.58 | 1.38 | 0.09 | 5 |
G149.396−46.550 | – | – | – | 0.05 | 9.5 | 0.16 | 0.75 | 0.05 | 1 |
G165.616−40.899 | 13.0 | 0.88 | 1.59 | 0.07 | 12.5 | 0.52 | 0.71 | 0.07 | 6 |
G166.965−54.751 | 35.2 | 0.38 | 0.90 | 0.05 | – | – | – | 0.05 | 7 |
G168.980+37.738 | −82.9 | 0.38 | 0.65 | 0.06 | −83.5 | 0.20 | 0.26 | 0.04 | 1 |
G179.379+30.743 | −10.6 | 0.81 | 2.59 | 0.08 | −9.2 | 0.72 | 2.01 | 0.07 | 2 |
G180.069−36.185 | 58.0 | 0.09 | 0.25 | 0.02 | 57.4 | 0.11 | 0.29 | 0.02 | 1 |
G180.829+32.784 | −24.8 | 0.41 | 0.40 | 0.08 | −25.1 | 0.54 | 0.62 | 0.07 | 1 |
G182.006−35.653 | 61.0 | 0.11 | 0.47 | 0.02 | 61.3 | 0.19 | 0.85 | 0.03 | 1 |
G183.614+31.966 | – | – | – | 0.03 | 27.5 | 0.13 | 0.32 | 0.02 | 1 |
G195.025−53.735 | 33.2 | 0.27 | 0.42 | 0.04 | 35.3 | 0.12 | 0.37 | 0.03 | 1 |
G198.593−69.596 | −2.8 | 0.55 | 1.41 | 0.06 | −3.4 | 0.19 | 0.62 | 0.04 | 1 |
G211.919+50.661 | −25.5 | 1.23 | 4.30 | 0.09 | −24.2 | 0.57 | 2.03 | 0.07 | 3 |
G235.246+67.258 | 12.9 | 0.30 | 0.59 | 0.04 | 12.7 | 0.35 | 0.39 | 0.04 | 1 |
G248.071−84.665 | −10.3 | 0.32 | 1.03 | 0.06 | −10.4 | 0.35 | 0.89 | 0.05 | 1 |
G261.694+46.256 | 32.9 | 0.38 | 1.10 | 0.05 | 32.8 | 0.28 | 0.55 | 0.05 | 1 |
G315.566+57.522 | 72.0 | 0.11 | 0.72 | 0.03 | 70.7 | 0.23 | 0.83 | 0.04 | 1 |
G325.570+85.690 | 26.1 | 2.01 | 5.22 | 0.09 | 25.2 | 2.66 | 8.13 | 0.09 | 3 |
G330.757+45.262 | 66.8 | 0.21 | 0.39 | 0.03 | – | – | – | 0.03 | 1 |
G334.109+36.043 | −25.4 | 0.23 | 1.14 | 0.05 | −25.3 | 0.27 | 0.24 | 0.05 | 1 |
G335.504+35.524 | −31.2 | 0.83 | 3.08 | 0.08 | −31.0 | 0.56 | 2.02 | 0.07 | 1 |
G336.532+38.006 | 18.1 | 0.22 | 0.28 | 0.03 | – | – | – | 0.03 | 1 |
G337.373+32.451 | −7.8 | 1.42 | 4.64 | 0.13 | −9.6 | 0.47 | 0.99 | 0.08 | 2 |
G339.224+44.663 | 70.7 | 0.18 | 0.93 | 0.04 | 69.9 | 0.14 | 0.64 | 0.03 | 2 |
G340.829+31.460 | −3.9 | 0.15 | 0.48 | 0.03 | – | – | – | 0.03 | 1 |
G353.826+42.588 | 14.9 | 0.14 | 0.48 | 0.03 | – | – | – | 0.03 | 2,3 |
G356.642+59.618 | 37.2 | 0.34 | 0.41 | 0.04 | 37.0 | 0.44 | 0.60 | 0.04 | 1 |
Notes: column 1 gives source name; columns 2–9 VLSR, peak antenna temperature (in units of K), integrated flux density (in units of K km s−1) and 1σ rms of spectra for v = 1 and v = 2 SiO maser lines, respectively. Column 10 lists references.
. | SiO v = 1 J = 1–0 maser line . | SiO v = 2 J = 1–0 maser line . | . | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Source . | VLSR . | T|$^\ast _A$|(peak) . | Int. flux . | rms . | VLSR . | T|$^\ast _A$|(peak) . | Int. flux . | rms . | Ref. . |
name . | (K km s−1) . | (K) . | (K km s−1) . | (K) . | (K km s−1) . | (K) . | (K km s−1) . | (K) . | . |
G004.482+32.104 | −8.8 | 0.18 | 0.79 | 0.03 | −10.8 | 0.10 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 2 |
G008.104+45.840 | 41.0 | 0.37 | 1.39 | 0.05 | 42.8 | 0.16 | 0.72 | 0.04 | 3 |
G011.025+53.268 | 4.5 | 1.61 | 11.76 | 0.08 | −13.7 | 0.54 | 2.36 | 0.07 | 4 |
G011.159−41.196 | 17.8 | 0.72 | 1.64 | 0.09 | 18.2 | 0.28 | 0.94 | 0.05 | 1 |
G015.405−35.139 | 19.9 | 0.20 | 0.87 | 0.04 | – | – | – | 0.04 | 1 |
G019.002−39.495 | −51.8 | 0.94 | 5.27 | 0.07 | −51.3 | 0.40 | 1.52 | 0.07 | 1 |
G019.509−56.308 | −29.0 | 1.26 | 3.76 | 0.07 | −29.7 | 0.36 | 1.10 | 0.06 | 1 |
G021.513−53.023 | −100.8 | 0.22 | 0.53 | 0.04 | – | – | – | 0.04 | 1 |
G022.158+40.858 | −15.0 | 0.69 | 1.34 | 0.11 | −15.6 | 1.01 | 1.41 | 0.10 | 1 |
G022.943−31.448 | 9.8 | 1.33 | 4.30 | 0.12 | 7.0 | 1.38 | 2.65 | 0.11 | 4 |
G023.376−39.816 | −20.9 | 1.41 | 2.33 | 0.06 | −16.5 | 0.25 | 0.88 | 0.05 | 1 |
G038.070+66.469 | −42.4 | 0.53 | 2.69 | 0.06 | −44.0 | 0.22 | 0.87 | 0.04 | 3 |
G045.734−38.770 | 26.3 | 0.23 | 0.47 | 0.03 | – | – | – | 0.03 | 1 |
G064.549+76.014 | 26.3 | 0.11 | 0.27 | 0.03 | 26.3 | 0.15 | 0.54 | 0.02 | 1 |
G085.581−67.859 | 50.9 | 0.22 | 1.09 | 0.04 | – | – | – | 0.04 | 1 |
G131.720−64.091 | 4.0 | 0.29 | 0.94 | 0.04 | – | – | – | 0.04 | 1 |
G133.797−53.388 | 4.3 | 1.10 | 5.68 | 0.10 | 4.3 | 1.48 | 4.23 | 0.11 | 1 |
G141.940−58.536 | −57.0 | 0.82 | 2.01 | 0.09 | −56.8 | 0.58 | 1.38 | 0.09 | 5 |
G149.396−46.550 | – | – | – | 0.05 | 9.5 | 0.16 | 0.75 | 0.05 | 1 |
G165.616−40.899 | 13.0 | 0.88 | 1.59 | 0.07 | 12.5 | 0.52 | 0.71 | 0.07 | 6 |
G166.965−54.751 | 35.2 | 0.38 | 0.90 | 0.05 | – | – | – | 0.05 | 7 |
G168.980+37.738 | −82.9 | 0.38 | 0.65 | 0.06 | −83.5 | 0.20 | 0.26 | 0.04 | 1 |
G179.379+30.743 | −10.6 | 0.81 | 2.59 | 0.08 | −9.2 | 0.72 | 2.01 | 0.07 | 2 |
G180.069−36.185 | 58.0 | 0.09 | 0.25 | 0.02 | 57.4 | 0.11 | 0.29 | 0.02 | 1 |
G180.829+32.784 | −24.8 | 0.41 | 0.40 | 0.08 | −25.1 | 0.54 | 0.62 | 0.07 | 1 |
G182.006−35.653 | 61.0 | 0.11 | 0.47 | 0.02 | 61.3 | 0.19 | 0.85 | 0.03 | 1 |
G183.614+31.966 | – | – | – | 0.03 | 27.5 | 0.13 | 0.32 | 0.02 | 1 |
G195.025−53.735 | 33.2 | 0.27 | 0.42 | 0.04 | 35.3 | 0.12 | 0.37 | 0.03 | 1 |
G198.593−69.596 | −2.8 | 0.55 | 1.41 | 0.06 | −3.4 | 0.19 | 0.62 | 0.04 | 1 |
G211.919+50.661 | −25.5 | 1.23 | 4.30 | 0.09 | −24.2 | 0.57 | 2.03 | 0.07 | 3 |
G235.246+67.258 | 12.9 | 0.30 | 0.59 | 0.04 | 12.7 | 0.35 | 0.39 | 0.04 | 1 |
G248.071−84.665 | −10.3 | 0.32 | 1.03 | 0.06 | −10.4 | 0.35 | 0.89 | 0.05 | 1 |
G261.694+46.256 | 32.9 | 0.38 | 1.10 | 0.05 | 32.8 | 0.28 | 0.55 | 0.05 | 1 |
G315.566+57.522 | 72.0 | 0.11 | 0.72 | 0.03 | 70.7 | 0.23 | 0.83 | 0.04 | 1 |
G325.570+85.690 | 26.1 | 2.01 | 5.22 | 0.09 | 25.2 | 2.66 | 8.13 | 0.09 | 3 |
G330.757+45.262 | 66.8 | 0.21 | 0.39 | 0.03 | – | – | – | 0.03 | 1 |
G334.109+36.043 | −25.4 | 0.23 | 1.14 | 0.05 | −25.3 | 0.27 | 0.24 | 0.05 | 1 |
G335.504+35.524 | −31.2 | 0.83 | 3.08 | 0.08 | −31.0 | 0.56 | 2.02 | 0.07 | 1 |
G336.532+38.006 | 18.1 | 0.22 | 0.28 | 0.03 | – | – | – | 0.03 | 1 |
G337.373+32.451 | −7.8 | 1.42 | 4.64 | 0.13 | −9.6 | 0.47 | 0.99 | 0.08 | 2 |
G339.224+44.663 | 70.7 | 0.18 | 0.93 | 0.04 | 69.9 | 0.14 | 0.64 | 0.03 | 2 |
G340.829+31.460 | −3.9 | 0.15 | 0.48 | 0.03 | – | – | – | 0.03 | 1 |
G353.826+42.588 | 14.9 | 0.14 | 0.48 | 0.03 | – | – | – | 0.03 | 2,3 |
G356.642+59.618 | 37.2 | 0.34 | 0.41 | 0.04 | 37.0 | 0.44 | 0.60 | 0.04 | 1 |
. | SiO v = 1 J = 1–0 maser line . | SiO v = 2 J = 1–0 maser line . | . | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Source . | VLSR . | T|$^\ast _A$|(peak) . | Int. flux . | rms . | VLSR . | T|$^\ast _A$|(peak) . | Int. flux . | rms . | Ref. . |
name . | (K km s−1) . | (K) . | (K km s−1) . | (K) . | (K km s−1) . | (K) . | (K km s−1) . | (K) . | . |
G004.482+32.104 | −8.8 | 0.18 | 0.79 | 0.03 | −10.8 | 0.10 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 2 |
G008.104+45.840 | 41.0 | 0.37 | 1.39 | 0.05 | 42.8 | 0.16 | 0.72 | 0.04 | 3 |
G011.025+53.268 | 4.5 | 1.61 | 11.76 | 0.08 | −13.7 | 0.54 | 2.36 | 0.07 | 4 |
G011.159−41.196 | 17.8 | 0.72 | 1.64 | 0.09 | 18.2 | 0.28 | 0.94 | 0.05 | 1 |
G015.405−35.139 | 19.9 | 0.20 | 0.87 | 0.04 | – | – | – | 0.04 | 1 |
G019.002−39.495 | −51.8 | 0.94 | 5.27 | 0.07 | −51.3 | 0.40 | 1.52 | 0.07 | 1 |
G019.509−56.308 | −29.0 | 1.26 | 3.76 | 0.07 | −29.7 | 0.36 | 1.10 | 0.06 | 1 |
G021.513−53.023 | −100.8 | 0.22 | 0.53 | 0.04 | – | – | – | 0.04 | 1 |
G022.158+40.858 | −15.0 | 0.69 | 1.34 | 0.11 | −15.6 | 1.01 | 1.41 | 0.10 | 1 |
G022.943−31.448 | 9.8 | 1.33 | 4.30 | 0.12 | 7.0 | 1.38 | 2.65 | 0.11 | 4 |
G023.376−39.816 | −20.9 | 1.41 | 2.33 | 0.06 | −16.5 | 0.25 | 0.88 | 0.05 | 1 |
G038.070+66.469 | −42.4 | 0.53 | 2.69 | 0.06 | −44.0 | 0.22 | 0.87 | 0.04 | 3 |
G045.734−38.770 | 26.3 | 0.23 | 0.47 | 0.03 | – | – | – | 0.03 | 1 |
G064.549+76.014 | 26.3 | 0.11 | 0.27 | 0.03 | 26.3 | 0.15 | 0.54 | 0.02 | 1 |
G085.581−67.859 | 50.9 | 0.22 | 1.09 | 0.04 | – | – | – | 0.04 | 1 |
G131.720−64.091 | 4.0 | 0.29 | 0.94 | 0.04 | – | – | – | 0.04 | 1 |
G133.797−53.388 | 4.3 | 1.10 | 5.68 | 0.10 | 4.3 | 1.48 | 4.23 | 0.11 | 1 |
G141.940−58.536 | −57.0 | 0.82 | 2.01 | 0.09 | −56.8 | 0.58 | 1.38 | 0.09 | 5 |
G149.396−46.550 | – | – | – | 0.05 | 9.5 | 0.16 | 0.75 | 0.05 | 1 |
G165.616−40.899 | 13.0 | 0.88 | 1.59 | 0.07 | 12.5 | 0.52 | 0.71 | 0.07 | 6 |
G166.965−54.751 | 35.2 | 0.38 | 0.90 | 0.05 | – | – | – | 0.05 | 7 |
G168.980+37.738 | −82.9 | 0.38 | 0.65 | 0.06 | −83.5 | 0.20 | 0.26 | 0.04 | 1 |
G179.379+30.743 | −10.6 | 0.81 | 2.59 | 0.08 | −9.2 | 0.72 | 2.01 | 0.07 | 2 |
G180.069−36.185 | 58.0 | 0.09 | 0.25 | 0.02 | 57.4 | 0.11 | 0.29 | 0.02 | 1 |
G180.829+32.784 | −24.8 | 0.41 | 0.40 | 0.08 | −25.1 | 0.54 | 0.62 | 0.07 | 1 |
G182.006−35.653 | 61.0 | 0.11 | 0.47 | 0.02 | 61.3 | 0.19 | 0.85 | 0.03 | 1 |
G183.614+31.966 | – | – | – | 0.03 | 27.5 | 0.13 | 0.32 | 0.02 | 1 |
G195.025−53.735 | 33.2 | 0.27 | 0.42 | 0.04 | 35.3 | 0.12 | 0.37 | 0.03 | 1 |
G198.593−69.596 | −2.8 | 0.55 | 1.41 | 0.06 | −3.4 | 0.19 | 0.62 | 0.04 | 1 |
G211.919+50.661 | −25.5 | 1.23 | 4.30 | 0.09 | −24.2 | 0.57 | 2.03 | 0.07 | 3 |
G235.246+67.258 | 12.9 | 0.30 | 0.59 | 0.04 | 12.7 | 0.35 | 0.39 | 0.04 | 1 |
G248.071−84.665 | −10.3 | 0.32 | 1.03 | 0.06 | −10.4 | 0.35 | 0.89 | 0.05 | 1 |
G261.694+46.256 | 32.9 | 0.38 | 1.10 | 0.05 | 32.8 | 0.28 | 0.55 | 0.05 | 1 |
G315.566+57.522 | 72.0 | 0.11 | 0.72 | 0.03 | 70.7 | 0.23 | 0.83 | 0.04 | 1 |
G325.570+85.690 | 26.1 | 2.01 | 5.22 | 0.09 | 25.2 | 2.66 | 8.13 | 0.09 | 3 |
G330.757+45.262 | 66.8 | 0.21 | 0.39 | 0.03 | – | – | – | 0.03 | 1 |
G334.109+36.043 | −25.4 | 0.23 | 1.14 | 0.05 | −25.3 | 0.27 | 0.24 | 0.05 | 1 |
G335.504+35.524 | −31.2 | 0.83 | 3.08 | 0.08 | −31.0 | 0.56 | 2.02 | 0.07 | 1 |
G336.532+38.006 | 18.1 | 0.22 | 0.28 | 0.03 | – | – | – | 0.03 | 1 |
G337.373+32.451 | −7.8 | 1.42 | 4.64 | 0.13 | −9.6 | 0.47 | 0.99 | 0.08 | 2 |
G339.224+44.663 | 70.7 | 0.18 | 0.93 | 0.04 | 69.9 | 0.14 | 0.64 | 0.03 | 2 |
G340.829+31.460 | −3.9 | 0.15 | 0.48 | 0.03 | – | – | – | 0.03 | 1 |
G353.826+42.588 | 14.9 | 0.14 | 0.48 | 0.03 | – | – | – | 0.03 | 2,3 |
G356.642+59.618 | 37.2 | 0.34 | 0.41 | 0.04 | 37.0 | 0.44 | 0.60 | 0.04 | 1 |
Notes: column 1 gives source name; columns 2–9 VLSR, peak antenna temperature (in units of K), integrated flux density (in units of K km s−1) and 1σ rms of spectra for v = 1 and v = 2 SiO maser lines, respectively. Column 10 lists references.
A1 PLR distance
A2 WISE luminosity distance
According to the WISE Explanatory Supplement documentation of the All-Sky Data Release, bright sources will saturate the WISE detector.4 The saturation limits are 8.1, 6.7, 3.8 and −0.4 mag in the W1 − W4 bands, respectively (green lines in Fig. A3). For saturated objects, WISE fits the PSF to the unsaturated pixels on the images to recover the saturated pixels and yield photometry for these objects (we call this PSF-fit photometry). The bright-source photometry limits for the WISE-4 bands are 2, 1.5, −3 and −4 mag (red lines in Fig. A3). When they are brighter than this limit, all the pixels are saturated and no unsaturated pixels are available to fit to the PSF. As can be seen in Fig. A3, ∼ 100 bright nearby AGBs are totally saturated. In the WISE 1, 2 and 3 bands, photometry is PSF-fit photometry for most of our targets. The W4 band is the best band, in which the saturation is not so serious. In addition, for sources within ∼2 kpc, although W1 band magnitudes are not totally saturated, their PSF-fit photometry tend to be underestimated, which result in an overestimate of distance.
We use the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method to fit a, b and c by minimizing the differences between the model distance, DWISE, and the PLR distance, DPLR. In Fig. A4, we present a histogram of MCMC model fitting results, with the best-fitting model, a = 0.200, b = 0.306, c = −0.663, indicated by red lines. In the bottom right panel of Fig. A4, a histogram of DWISE − DPLR is shown. For the best-fitting model, the mean, median and standard deviation of DWISE − DPLR are −0.26, 0.03 and 1.52 kpc. It can be seen that DWISE − DPLR is within 2 kpc for most sources. Most of the outliers are sources towards the Bulge and Galactic Centre region, where the extinction is usually very large (|$A_{K_{\rm s}}$| > 2). Their deviation can also be seen in the lower left panel of Fig. 5, i.e. sources with DWISE ∼ 8–15 kpc, but with DPLR from 10 kpc to more than 25 kpc. The discrepancy may also be attributed to underestimates of the extinction estimated by the three-dimensional Galactic extinction model (Drimmel et al. 2003).