Yonekura Shinichi 米倉真一

… Alternative Names

YONEKURA Shinichi 米倉真一

YOMEKURA Shinichi 米倉真一

Less

Researcher Number	40443113
Other IDs	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9800-1594
Affiliation (Current)	2025: 信州大学, 学術研究院農学系, 教授
Affiliation (based on the past Project Information) *help	2019 – 2024: 信州大学, 学術研究院農学系, 教授 2017 – 2019: 信州大学, 学術研究院農学系, 准教授 2014: 信州大学, 学術研究院農学系, 助教 2012 – 2013: 信州大学, 農学部, 助教 2009 – 2010: Shinshu University, 農学部, 助教 2008: Tokyo Metropolitan Organization for Medical Research, 東京都神経科学総合研究所, 研究員 2007 – 2008: Tokyo Metropolitan Organization for Medical Research, 東京都神経科学総合研究所, 研究員
Review Section/Research Field	Principal Investigator Neurochemistry/Neuropharmacology / Basic Section 42010:Animal production science-related / Animal production science Except Principal Investigator Basic Section 42010:Animal production science-related / Zootechnical science/Grassland science
Keywords	Principal Investigator 小胞体ストレス応答 / ミトコンドリア / 泌乳制御 / 小胞体ストレス応答機構 / 小胞体拡張 / 泌乳 / 小胞体ストレス / 乳腺 / ミルク脂肪球 / 脂肪酸 … More / 乳牛 / 細胞死 / 小胞体生合成 / 乳腺上皮細胞 / 畜産学 / 分化 / 骨格筋 / 骨格筋細胞分化 / 骨格筋分化 / 分子多様性 / アイソフォーム / スプライシング / 軸索 / 神経科学 / ショウジョウバェ / 軸策変性 / スクリーニング / 軸索変性 / ショウジョウバエ … More Except Principal Investigator ニワトリ / リガンド依存性転写因子 / 骨格筋 / 繁殖障害 / 高泌乳牛 / 乳腺 / 小胞体ストレス / 肝臓 / 周産期疾病 / 乳牛 / 生殖 / 家禽生産 / 鳥類生殖補助技術 / 多能性 / 胚培養 / キメラ / 幹細胞 / 家禽 / 発生工学 / オリゴ核酸カプセル / マイクロカプセル / ナノカプセル / iODN / ODN / オリゴ核酸 / 経口 / 乳酸菌 / DNanocap / DNAナノカプセル Less

リガンド依存性転写因子による骨格筋細胞の分子制御―効率的鶏肉生産の基盤－
- Principal Investigator
  
  佐藤幹
- Project Period (FY)
  2023 – 2025
- Research Category
  
  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
- Review Section
  
  Basic Section 42010:Animal production science-related
- Research Institution
  Tohoku University
分娩後に起きる肝ERストレス亢進機序とその影響の解明：乳牛の疾病多発を防ぐ新戦略
- Principal Investigator
  
  芳賀聡
- Project Period (FY)
  2021 – 2024
- Research Category
  
  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
- Review Section
  
  Basic Section 42010:Animal production science-related
- Research Institution
  Tohoku University
  National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
Elucidation of lactation control mechanisms focusing on the Endoplasmic Reticulum stress response in the mammary gland and new approaches to the study of lactation regulationPrincipal Investigator
- Principal Investigator
  
  Yonekura Shinichi
- Project Period (FY)
  2020 – 2022
- Research Category
  
  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
- Review Section
  
  Basic Section 42010:Animal production science-related
- Research Institution
  Shinshu University
Development of avian developmental biotechnology and the application for poultry breeding
- Principal Investigator
  
  Kagami Hiroshi
- Project Period (FY)
  2018 – 2021
- Research Category
  
  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
- Review Section
  
  Basic Section 42010:Animal production science-related
- Research Institution
  Shinshu University
Elucidation of functional role of the endoplasmic reticulum stress response in muscle hypertrophyPrincipal Investigator
- Principal Investigator
  
  Yonekura Shinichi
- Project Period (FY)
  2017 – 2019
- Research Category
  
  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
- Research Field
  
  Animal production science
- Research Institution
  Shinshu University
Development for novel food and feed using DNA Nanocapsules of Lactic acid bacteria as Oral Delivery Devices
- Principal Investigator
  
  SHIMOSATO Takeshi
- Project Period (FY)
  2012 – 2014
- Research Category
  
  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
- Research Field
  
  Zootechnical science/Grassland science
- Research Institution
  Shinshu University
The role of molecular diversity of milton gene for the maintenance of neuronal axonPrincipal Investigator
- Principal Investigator
  
  YONEKURA Shinichi
- Project Period (FY)
  2009 – 2010
- Research Category
  
  Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B)
- Research Field
  
  Neurochemistry/Neuropharmacology
- Research Institution
  Shinshu University
A Genome-w I de screen for novel genes with a neuronal cell death in DrosophilaPrincipal Investigator
- Principal Investigator
  
  YOMEKURA Shinichi
- Project Period (FY)
  2007 – 2008
- Research Category
  
  Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B)
- Research Field
  
  Neurochemistry/Neuropharmacology
- Research Institution
  Tokyo Metropolitan Organization for Medical Research

All 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2015 2010 2009 2008 2007

All Journal Article Presentation

[Journal Article] Sustainable Milk Production from a Lactation Biology Perspective2023
- Author(s)
  Yonekura Shinichi、Sharmin Mst Mamuna
- Journal Title
  
  Advances in Biological Sciences Research
  
  Volume: - Pages: 3-7
- DOI
  10.2991/978-94-6463-116-6_2
- ISBN
  9789464631159, 9789464631166
- Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
- Data Source
  KAKENHI-PROJECT-20H03126
[Journal Article] XBP1u Is Involved in C2C12 Myoblast Differentiation via Accelerated Proteasomal Degradation of Id32022
- Author(s)
  Hayashi Satoko、Sakata Shotaro、Kawamura Shotaro、Tokutake Yukako、Yonekura Shinichi
- Journal Title
  
  Frontiers in Physiology
  
  Volume: 13
- DOI
  10.3389/fphys.2022.796190
- Peer Reviewed / Open Access
- Data Source
  KAKENHI-PROJECT-20H03126
[Journal Article] Effects of starvation-induced negative energy balance on endoplasmic reticulum stress in the liver of cows2022
- Author(s)
  Islam Md Aminul、Adachi Shuya、Shiiba Yuichiroh、Takeda Ken-ichi、Haga Satoshi、Yonekura Shinichi
- Journal Title
  
  Animal Bioscience
  
  Volume: 35 Issue: 1 Pages: 22-28
- DOI
  10.5713/ab.21.0140
- Peer Reviewed / Open Access
- Data Source
  KAKENHI-PROJECT-20H03126
[Journal Article] Mild heat stimulation facilitates muscle hypertrophy in C2C12 and mouse satellite cells through myokine release to the culture medium2022
- Author(s)
  Hayashi Satoko、Yonekura Shinichi
- Journal Title
  
  Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
  
  Volume: 635 Pages: 161-168
- DOI
  10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.10.018
- Peer Reviewed
- Data Source
  KAKENHI-PROJECT-20H03126
[Journal Article] Protective effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid on heat stress in bovine mammary epithelial cells2021
- Author(s)
  Islam Md Aminul、Noguchi Yoko、Taniguchi Shin、Yonekura Shinichi
- Journal Title
  
  Animal Bioscience
  
  Volume: 34 Issue: 6 Pages: 1006-1013
- DOI
  10.5713/ajas.20.0349
- Peer Reviewed / Open Access
- Data Source
  KAKENHI-PROJECT-20H03126
[Journal Article] Insulin-like growth factor-1 induces IRE1-XBP1?dependent endoplasmic reticulum biogenesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells2021
- Author(s)
  Sharmin Mst Mamuna、Hayashi Satoko、Miyaji Makoto、Ishizaki Hiroshi、Matsuyama Hiroki、Haga Satoshi、Yonekura Shinichi
- Journal Title
  
  Journal of Dairy Science
  
  Volume: 104 Issue: 11 Pages: 12094-12104
- DOI
  10.3168/jds.2021-20268
- Peer Reviewed / Open Access
- Data Source
  KAKENHI-PROJECT-20H03126
[Journal Article] 5-ALA Attenuates the Palmitic Acid-Induced ER Stress and Apoptosis in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells2021
- Author(s)
  Sharmin Mst Mamuna、Islam Md Aminul、Yamamoto Itsuki、Taniguchi Shin、Yonekura Shinichi
- Journal Title
  
  Molecules
  
  Volume: 26 Issue: 4 Pages: 1183-1183
- DOI
  10.3390/molecules26041183
- Peer Reviewed / Open Access
- Data Source
  KAKENHI-PROJECT-20H03126
[Journal Article] Effects of fatty acids on inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress in bovine mammary epithelial cells2020
- Author(s)
  Sharmin Mst Mamuna、Mizusawa Moeko、Hayashi Satoko、Arai Wataru、Sakata Shotaro、Yonekura Shinichi
- Journal Title
  
  Journal of Dairy Science
  
  Volume: 103 Issue: 9 Pages: 8643-8654
- DOI
  10.3168/jds.2019-18080
- Peer Reviewed
- Data Source
  KAKENHI-PROJECT-20H03126
[Journal Article] IRE1-XBP1 Pathway of the Unfolded Protein Response Is Required during Early Differentiation of C2C12 Myoblasts2019
- Author(s)
  Tokutake Yukako、Yamada Keita、Hayashi Satoko、Arai Wataru、Watanabe Takafumi、Yonekura Shinichi
- Journal Title
  
  International Journal of Molecular Sciences
  
  Volume: 21 Issue: 1 Pages: 182-182
- DOI
  10.3390/ijms21010182
- Peer Reviewed / Open Access
- Data Source
  KAKENHI-PROJECT-17K08042
[Journal Article] 骨格筋分化の制御に寄与するIRE1-XBP1の機能解明2019
- Author(s)
  徳武優佳子、山田啓太、林聡子、坂田章太郎、米倉真一
- Journal Title
  
  栄養生理研究会報
  
  Volume: 63 Pages: 15-22
- NAID
  40021890609
- Peer Reviewed
- Data Source
  KAKENHI-PROJECT-17K08042
[Journal Article] Inhibitory/suppressive oligodeoxynucleotide nanocapsules as simple oral delivery devices for preventing atopic dermatitis in mice2015
- Author(s)
  Wang Y, Yamamoto Y, Shigemori S, Watanabe T, Oshiro K, Wang X, Wang P, Sato T, Yonekura S, Tanaka S, Kitazawa H, Shimosato T.
- Journal Title
  
  Molecular Therapy
  
  Volume: 23 Issue: 2 Pages: 297-309
- DOI
  10.1038/mt.2014.239
- NAID
  120007106220
- Peer Reviewed / Acknowledgement Compliant
- Data Source
  KAKENHI-PROJECT-24580388
[Journal Article] Conserved alternative splicing and expression patterns of arthropod N-cadherin.2009
- Author(s)
  Hsu SN, Yonekura S, et al.
- Journal Title
  
  Plos Genetics 4
- Peer Reviewed
- Data Source
  KAKENHI-PROJECT-19700353
[Journal Article] Conserved Alternative Splicing and Expression Patterns of Arthropod N-Cadherin.2009
- Author(s)
  Hsu SN, Yonekura S, et al
- Journal Title
  
  PLoS Genetics 4
- Peer Reviewed
- Data Source
  KAKENHI-PROJECT-21700424
[Journal Article] Conserved Alternative Splicing and Expression Patterns of Arthropod N-Cadherin. PLoS Genetics2009
- Author(s)
  Hsu SN, Yonekura S Ting CH, Robertson H. Iwai Y, Uemura T, Lee CH, Chila A.
- Journal Title
  
  Apr5 (4)
- Data Source
  KAKENHI-PROJECT-19700353
[Journal Article] Conserved Alternative Splicing and Expression Patterns of Arthropod N-Cadherin.2009
- Author(s)
  Hsu SN, Yonekura S, Ting CH, Robertson H, Iwai Y, Uemura T, Lee CH, Chiba A.
- Journal Title
  
  PLoS Genetics 5(4)
- Peer Reviewed
- Data Source
  KAKENHI-PROJECT-21700424
[Journal Article] Adhesive but not signaling activity of Drsophila N-cadgerin is essentia l for target selection of photoreceptor afferents.2007
- Author(s)
  Yonekura S, et. al.
- Journal Title
  
  Developmental Biology 304
  
  Pages: 759-770
- Peer Reviewed
- Data Source
  KAKENHI-PROJECT-19700353
[Journal Article] Tiling of r7 axons in the Drosophila visual system is mediated both by transduction of an activin signal to the nucleus and by mutual repulsion2007
- Author(s)
  Ting CY, Herman T, Yonekura S, et. al.
- Journal Title
  
  Neuron 56
  
  Pages: 793-806
- Peer Reviewed
- Data Source
  KAKENHI-PROJECT-19700353
[Presentation] ウルソデオキシコール酸の飼料添加が絶食時ウシ肝臓機能に及ぼす影響2022
- Author(s)
  Shuya Adachi, Md Aminul Islam, Huricha, Yuichiroh Shiiba, Ken-ichi Takeda, Shinichi Yonekura
- Organizer
  第45回日本分子生物学会年会
- Data Source
  KAKENHI-PROJECT-20H03126
[Presentation] Sustainable Milk Production from a Lactation Biology Perspective2022
- Author(s)
  Shinichi Yonekura, Sharmin Mst Mamuna
- Organizer
  3rd International Conference on Environmentally Sustainable Animal Industry
- Invited / Int'l Joint Research
- Data Source
  KAKENHI-PROJECT-20H03126
[Presentation] ウシ乳腺上皮細胞においてIGF-1はIRE1-XBP1経路を介しER生合成を誘導する2021
- Author(s)
  安達　柊也、坂田　章太郎、林　聡子、米倉　真一
- Organizer
  第44回日本分子生物学会年会
- Data Source
  KAKENHI-PROJECT-20H03126
[Presentation] Effects of starvation-induced negative energy balance (NEB) on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the liver of dry cows2021
- Author(s)
  Md Aminul Islam, Shuya Adachi, Yuichiroh Shiiba, Ken-ichi Takeda, Satoshi Haga, Shinichi Yonekura
- Organizer
  日本畜産学会第128回大会
- Data Source
  KAKENHI-PROJECT-20H03126
[Presentation] IGFI-induced UPR component gene XBP1s regulates the endoplasmic reticulum biogenesis of bovine mammary epithelial cell2021
- Author(s)
  Mst Mamuna Sharmin, Satoko Hayashi, Satoshi Haga, Shinichi Yonekura
- Organizer
  日本畜産学会第128回大会
- Data Source
  KAKENHI-PROJECT-20H03126
[Presentation] 5-アミノレブリン酸およびウルソデオキシコール酸の乾乳牛への給与が48時間絶食後の肝機能に及ぼす影響2021
- Author(s)
  米倉　真一、安達　柊也、Md Aminul Islam、谷口　慎、椎葉湧一朗、竹田　謙一、芳賀　聡
- Organizer
  第129回日本畜産学会大会
- Data Source
  KAKENHI-PROJECT-20H03126
[Presentation] The relationship between skeletal muscle differentiation and ER stress response signal IRE1a.2019
- Author(s)
  S. Sakata, T. Sato, Y. Tokutake, S. Yonekura.
- Organizer
  The 2nd International Conference on Tropical Animal Science and Production
- Int'l Joint Research
- Data Source
  KAKENHI-PROJECT-17K08042
[Presentation] 骨格筋分化における小胞体ストレス応答経路IRE1のRNaseドメインの役割について2019
- Author(s)
  坂田章太郎、佐藤拓海、徳武優佳子、高谷智英、米倉真一．
- Organizer
  日本畜産学会第125回大会
- Data Source
  KAKENHI-PROJECT-17K08042
[Presentation] 骨格筋分化における小胞体ストレス応答因子IRE1によるId3発現制御機構の解明2019
- Author(s)
  1.坂田章太郎、鈴木穣、高谷智英、米倉真一．
- Organizer
  第42回日本分子生物学会
- Data Source
  KAKENHI-PROJECT-17K08042
[Presentation] 軸索変性の分子メカニズムの解明を目指して2010
- Author(s)
  米倉真一
- Organizer
  第三回分子高次機能研究会
- Place of Presentation
  長野県筑北村
- Year and Date
  2010-11-23
- Data Source
  KAKENHI-PROJECT-21700424
[Presentation] Failure in axon transport cause axon degeneration in Drosophila2009
- Author(s)
  米倉真一
- Organizer
  第32回日本分子生物学会年会
- Place of Presentation
  横浜
- Year and Date
  2009-12-09
- Data Source
  KAKENHI-PROJECT-21700424
[Presentation] Failure in axon transport cause axon degeneration in Drosophila2009
- Author(s)
  米倉真一、長竿淳、高英淑
- Organizer
  第32回日本分子生物学会年会
- Place of Presentation
  横浜市
- Year and Date
  2009-12-09
- Data Source
  KAKENHI-PROJECT-21700424
[Presentation] 軸索の変性関連遺伝子のゲノムワイドスクリーニング2009
- Author(s)
  米倉真一、長竿淳、高英淑
- Organizer
  第50回日本神経病理学会総会学術研究会
- Place of Presentation
  香川県高松市
- Year and Date
  2009-06-05
- Data Source
  KAKENHI-PROJECT-21700424
[Presentation] 軸索変性関連遺伝子のゲノムワイドスクリーニング2008
- Author(s)
  米倉真一
- Organizer
  第31回日本分子生物学会年会
- Place of Presentation
  横浜
- Data Source
  KAKENHI-PROJECT-19700353
[Presentation] 軸索変性関連遺伝子のゲノムワイドスクリーニング2008
- Author(s)
  米倉真一、長竿淳、Shuying Gao
- Organizer
  第31回日本分子生物学会年会
- Place of Presentation
  神戸市
- Year and Date
  2008-12-11
- Data Source
  KAKENHI-PROJECT-19700353
[Presentation] Abnormal m itochondrial transport cause age-dependent axonal degeneration in DROSOPHILA2008
- Author(s)
  Yonekura S
- Organizer
  Neuroscience 2008
- Place of Presentation
  Washington DC USA.
- Data Source
  KAKENHI-PROJECT-19700353
[Presentation] Abnormal mitochondrial transport cause age-dependent axonal degeneration in DROSOPHILA2008
- Author(s)
  Yonekura S, Gao S, Nagasao J, Watabe K,
- Organizer
  Neuroscience 2008
- Place of Presentation
  Washington DC, USA
- Data Source
  KAKENHI-PROJECT-19700353
[Presentation] A genome-wide screen for novel genes with a neuronal cell death in Drosophila2007
- Author(s)
  Yonekura S
- Organizer
  Cold spring harbor laboratory meeting, "Neurobiology of Drosophila"
- Place of Presentation
  Cold spring harbor USA
- Data Source
  KAKENHI-PROJECT-19700353
[Presentation] 神経細胞死関連遺伝子のゲノムワイドスクリーニング2007
- Author(s)
  米倉真一、高澤隆紀、渡部和彦
- Organizer
  第50回日本神経化学学会大会
- Place of Presentation
  横浜市
- Year and Date
  2007-09-11
- Data Source
  KAKENHI-PROJECT-19700353
[Presentation] 神経細胞死関連遺伝子のゲノムワイドスクリーニング2007
- Author(s)
  米倉真一
- Organizer
  第so回日本神経化学学会大会
- Place of Presentation
  横浜市
- Data Source
  KAKENHI-PROJECT-19700353
[Presentation] A genome-wide screen for novel genes with a neuronal cell death in Drosophila.2007
- Author(s)
  Yonekura S, Gao S, Takazawa T, Watabe K.
- Organizer
  Cold spring harbor laboratory meeting, "Neurobiology of Drosophila"
- Place of Presentation
  Cold spring harbor,USA
- Data Source
  KAKENHI-PROJECT-19700353
[Presentation] A genomic screen for novel genes with a neuronal cell-death-related function in Drosonhila.2007
- Author(s)
  Yonekura S, Gao S, Takazawa T, Watabe K
- Organizer
  第8回日本ショウジョウバエ研究会
- Place of Presentation
  兵庫県淡路市
- Year and Date
  2007-07-02
- Data Source
  KAKENHI-PROJECT-19700353

1. 芳賀聡 (90442748)

# of Collaborated Projects: 2 results

# of Collaborated Products: 5 results
2. 徳武優佳子 (90824657)

# of Collaborated Projects: 2 results

# of Collaborated Products: 1 results
3. SHIMOSATO Takeshi (00467200)

# of Collaborated Projects: 1 results

# of Collaborated Products: 1 results
4. Kagami Hiroshi (80308303)

# of Collaborated Projects: 1 results

# of Collaborated Products: 0 results
5. 平松浩二 (80238386)

# of Collaborated Projects: 1 results

# of Collaborated Products: 0 results
6. 小野珠乙 (10177264)

# of Collaborated Projects: 1 results

# of Collaborated Products: 0 results
7. 渡邉敬文 (50598216)

# of Collaborated Projects: 1 results

# of Collaborated Products: 0 results
8. 阪谷美樹 (00355687)

# of Collaborated Projects: 1 results

# of Collaborated Products: 0 results
9. 佐藤幹 (20250730)

# of Collaborated Projects: 1 results

# of Collaborated Products: 0 results
10. 喜久里基 (90613042)

# of Collaborated Projects: 1 results

# of Collaborated Products: 0 results

Yonekura Shinichi 米倉 真一

YONEKURA Shinichi 米倉 真一

YOMEKURA Shinichi 米倉 真一

Research Projects

Research Products

Co-Researchers

リガンド依存性転写因子による骨格筋細胞の分子制御―効率的鶏肉生産の基盤－

Principal Investigator

Project Period (FY)

Research Category

Review Section

Research Institution

分娩後に起きる肝ERストレス亢進機序とその影響の解明：乳牛の疾病多発を防ぐ新戦略

Principal Investigator

Project Period (FY)

Research Category

Review Section

Research Institution

Elucidation of lactation control mechanisms focusing on the Endoplasmic Reticulum stress response in the mammary gland and new approaches to the study of lactation regulationPrincipal Investigator

Principal Investigator

Project Period (FY)

Research Category

Review Section

Research Institution

Development of avian developmental biotechnology and the application for poultry breeding

Principal Investigator

Project Period (FY)

Research Category

Review Section

Research Institution

Elucidation of functional role of the endoplasmic reticulum stress response in muscle hypertrophyPrincipal Investigator

Principal Investigator

Project Period (FY)

Research Category

Research Field

Research Institution

Development for novel food and feed using DNA Nanocapsules of Lactic acid bacteria as Oral Delivery Devices

Principal Investigator

Project Period (FY)

Research Category

Research Field

Research Institution

The role of molecular diversity of milton gene for the maintenance of neuronal axonPrincipal Investigator

Principal Investigator

Project Period (FY)

Research Category

Research Field

Research Institution

A Genome-w I de screen for novel genes with a neuronal cell death in DrosophilaPrincipal Investigator

Principal Investigator

Project Period (FY)

Research Category

Research Field

Research Institution

[Journal Article] Sustainable Milk Production from a Lactation Biology Perspective2023

Author(s)

Journal Title

DOI

ISBN

Data Source

[Journal Article] XBP1u Is Involved in C2C12 Myoblast Differentiation via Accelerated Proteasomal Degradation of Id32022

Author(s)

Journal Title

DOI

Data Source

[Journal Article] Effects of starvation-induced negative energy balance on endoplasmic reticulum stress in the liver of cows2022

Author(s)

Journal Title

DOI

Data Source

[Journal Article] Mild heat stimulation facilitates muscle hypertrophy in C2C12 and mouse satellite cells through myokine release to the culture medium2022

Author(s)

Journal Title

DOI

Data Source

[Journal Article] Protective effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid on heat stress in bovine mammary epithelial cells2021

Author(s)

Journal Title

DOI

Data Source

Yonekura Shinichi 米倉真一

YONEKURA Shinichi 米倉真一

YOMEKURA Shinichi 米倉真一

[Presentation] ウシ乳腺上皮細胞においてIGF-1はIRE1-XBP1経路を介しER生合成を誘導する2021