Respiratory rhythm and pattern generation in <I>in vivo</I> and <I>in vitro</I> preparations
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- Ezure Kazuhisa
- Dept. Neurobiol., Tokyo Metropol. Inst. Neurosci., Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
Bibliographic Information
- Other Title
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- In vivo および in vitro 標本における呼吸リズムとパターン形成機構
Abstract
The brainstem respiratory network, which involves a variety of respiratory neurons and constitutes the respiratory center, generates the automatic rhythmicity of respiration and the spatio-temporally organized contraction of respiration-related muscles. In vivo electrophysiological and neuroanatomical studies using largely cats and rats, have greatly increased our knowledge about the overall respiratory system and its network mechanisms. Currently, a limited region of the ventrolateral medulla, which spans the areas called the Boetzinger complex and the pre-Boetzinger complex, is the focus of our attention. In this region, a number of excitatory and inhibitory neurons with specific firing patterns and characteristic morphological features have been identified. These neurons form the networks that involve 1) inhibitory connections between inspiratory and expiratory neurons, 2) excitatory connections between inspiratory neurons, 3) inhibitory connections between expiratory neurons, and 4) inhibitory connections between inspiratory neurons. Some of these synaptic connections seem to be essential for the generation of respiratory rhythm, and some for the formation of patterned respiratory outputs. On the other hand, at the level of individual neurons it is often impossible to unequivocally determine whether some specific neurons are essential either for rhythm generation or for pattern formation, suggesting that such classifications may not always be meaningful. As an introductory talk of this symposium, these topics will be discussed in relation to other speakers’ analyses in in vitro preparations. [Jpn J Physiol 55 Suppl:S62 (2005)]
Journal
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- Proceedings of Annual Meeting of the Physiological Society of Japan
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Proceedings of Annual Meeting of the Physiological Society of Japan 2005 (0), S62-S62, 2005
PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
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Details
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- CRID
- 1390282680704738560
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- NII Article ID
- 130005447971
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- Data Source
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- JaLC
- CiNii Articles
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- Abstract License Flag
- Disallowed