Basic ResearchHistologic Evaluation of the Effects of Emdogain Gel on Injured Root Apex in Rats
Section snippets
Animal Preparation
All animal protocols were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of the Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, and the experiments were carried out in accordance with the animal experiment guidelines of Fukuoka Dental College.
Experimental apical periodontitis was induced in 35 five-week-old-male Wistar rats by opening the pulp chamber of the left mandibular first molar and penetrating and filing the apical foramen through the distal root canal with #25 K-files to make an open
Zero Days before Treatment
Prominent neutrophil infiltration was observed near the destroyed root apex. Many ED1-positive macrophages were observed around the abscess and adjacent to the bone surface (Fig. 1A). Numerous Il-1β–expressing macrophages were observed near the abscess (data not shown). A few cells expressing TGF-β1 or BMP-2 were scattered throughout the lesion. Near the bone surface, there was very little TGF-β1 or BMP-2 expression (data not shown).
PGA-treated Group
Throughout the experiment, large abscesses were observed near
Discussion
In cases of root apex that has been destroyed, calcium hydroxide is conventionally used clinically. However, the pulp tissues become very irritated, and a necrotic layer forms as a result of the alkaline action of calcium hydrate (20). Although calcium hydroxide forms reparative dentin, its structure is porous (21). The formation of pores increases the risk of bacterial infection (22). Moreover, Olsson et al (23) claimed that calcium hydroxide–based materials did not give satisfactory results.
Acknowledgments
The authors thank the members of the Section of Operative Dentistry and Endodontology, Department of Odontology, Fukuoka Dental College.
This study was partly supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (no. 24592890) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) of Japan and the MEXT-supported Program for Strategic Research Foundations at Private Universities (S1001059), 2010–2015.
The authors deny any conflicts of interest related to this study.
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