PAPS PaperPreoperative surgical simulation of laparoscopic adrenalectomy for neuroblastoma using a three-dimensional printed model based on preoperative CT images
Section snippets
Materials and methods
Scanning was performed using a multi-detector CT scanner with 64 detectors. Iopamidol was administered intravenously as contrast medium. The setting for collimation was 3 mm. The multi-detector CT images were transferred to a 3D workstation (ZedView, 3D Doctor, FreeForm, an analytical software program, and CATIA, a three-dimensional interactive application program) and the 3D volume data for the target organs were obtained by reconstructing the sections. A model was printed on an Objet 500
Results
The 3D printed model was used for three neuroblastoma patients. The clinical data for the patients treated with the surgical simulation using the 3D printed model are shown in Table 1. The age of the patients at the time of the operation ranged from 1 month to 20 months, the body weight ranged from 4.1 kg to 10.4 kg, and the tumor size ranged from 2.5 to 6.0 cm. Two cases had stage 4 NB and one case had a stage 1 NB. None of the cases showed MYCN amplification. Two of the three patients underwent
Discussion
We fabricated a 3D printed model for adrenal NBs and performed a surgical simulation using the 3D printed model for three cases of NB. This is the first report of a 3D printed model for laparoscopic surgical simulation in children. This model allowed the insertion of trocars and optimization of the trocar layout. This model also made it easier to understand the patient’s anatomy and to simulate the laparoscopic view and range of forceps movement for laparoscopic adrenalectomy preoperatively.
Acknowledgments
The English used in this manuscript was reviewed by Brian Quinn (Editor-in-Chief, Japan Medical Communication). This work was supported by KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) (15K10924).
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